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Sign Language > linguistics > Flashcards

linguistics Flashcards

0
Q

Phonology

ASL and English

A

Smallest units of a language that don’t have meaning.
Spoken = sounds
ASL = 5 parameters

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1
Q

2 goals of linguistics?

A

Describe language and explain why language are the way they are

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2
Q

5 parameters

A 
Handshape 
Movement 
Orientation
Location
Non manual markers
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3
Q

Morphology

A

Smallest unit of language that have meaning

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4
Q

Syntax

A

How words combine to form utterances

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5
Q

Semantics and pragmatics

A

Meaning and social functions of utterances

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6
Q

Discourse Analysis

A

Analyzes language production in various situations such as lectures, convos, etc

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7
Q

Language acquisition

A

Analyzes how children acquire native language

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8
Q

Second language acquisition

A

Analyze how children and adults acquire language after acquiring native language.

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9
Q

Sociolinguistics

A

Study of how languages are used in different groups

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10
Q

Psychololinguistics

A

Study of how the brain acquires and process language.

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11
Q

Linguistics

A

Study of language

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12
Q

Animals vs humans in language and communication

A

Animals use a communication system. Don’t have language

Humans use both communication system and language

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13
Q

Language and communication system have in common (4 things)

A

Have meaningful symbols and signals
Symbols organized by rules and used systematically
Symbols arbitrary or iconic
Members of community share same communication system

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14
Q

Type of symbol

A

Sounds c a t form cat or traffic light

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15
Q

Symbol consist of __ and __

A

Consist of form and meaning

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16
Q

Arbitrary symbol

A

Symbols Connection between form and meaning don’t make sense

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17
Q

Iconic symbol

A

Symbols form resembles meaning

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18
Q

Linguistic symbol example in both English and ASL.

A

Cat bears no resemblance to meaning in English but in ASL the sign resemble cats whiskers

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19
Q

Why language unique? 7 things

A

Productive: infinite number of messages
Can add new symbols: like Internet
Can discuss complex topics: fish can’t
Symbols can be broken down into smaller parts: cats to cat
Symbol can have multiple meanings: like bat
All users can send and receive messages
Children acquire language by interacting with others
Language users can learn other variants of same language

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20
Q

Stokoe

A

First to identify the parts that make up ASL signs

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21
Q

Stokoe names location as

A

Tab

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22
Q

Stokoe named movement as

A

Sig

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23
Q

Stokoe named handshape as

A

Fez

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24
Q

Transcribe

A

Use symbols to represent ASL signs

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25
Q

Glossing

A

Choose word from another language to represent an ASL sign

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26
Q

Translating

A

Create grammatical English sentences with same meaning as ASL sentence

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27
Q

Problem with Stokoes system

A

Not specific enough cuz it doesn’t include palm orientation and not have detail for handshape or location.

Theory proposes that signs are simultaneously produced weren’t divisible into segments. Would make it different than spoken languages

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28
Q

Liddell and Johnson

A

Signs made of movements and hold like consonants and vowels in spoken language and can be divided into individual parts and produced sequentially.

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29
Q

Inventory of sounds

A

Language chooses from list a smaller set of sounds to use

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30
Q

Phonotactics

A

How sounds are organized into words

31
Q

ASL phonological rules (3)

A

Not use all possible handshapes movement orientations or locations that are possible to use

Limited set of inventory for them

Has own system of rules for how they are organized

32
Q

Symmetry condition

A

If both hands move in ASL sign they must have same handshape and must move in same or opposite directions

33
Q

Dominance condition

A

If two hands have different handshapes the weak hand must have one of basic handshapes

34
Q

Hold deletion

A

Phonological process where holds between movements are eliminated when signs occur in sequence

35
Q

Movement epenthesis

A

Phonological process in which a movement segment is added between the last segment of one sign and the first segment of the next

36
Q

Metathesis

A

Phonological process in which parts of segments of a sign can change places

37
Q

Assimilation

A

Phonological process of Taking on the characteristics of other segments

38
Q

Phonemes

A

Smallest unit of language

39
Q

Inventory

A

Unique set of phonemes

40
Q

4 phonological processes

A

Movement epenthesis
Hold deletion
Metathesis
Assimilation

41
Q

2 rules of ASL (conditions)

A

Symmetry

Dominance

42
Q

Morphology

A

Smallest meaningful units in language

43
Q

2 kinds of morphology

A

Derivational

Inflectional

44
Q

Derivational morphology ( include example of ASL and English)

A

New word derived from another word that creates a new unit in language
ASL : sit - chair
English : teach - teacher

45
Q

Inflectional morphology ( also provide example in ASL and English)

A

Process of adding grammatical info to units that already exist

ASL : sit - sit for a long time
English : walk - walks

46
Q

2 types of morphemes

A

Free

Bound

47
Q

Free morpheme

A

Can stand alone

House dog

48
Q

Bound morpheme

A

Can’t stand alone and must attach to another morpheme

-s -ed

49
Q

7 ways ASL creates new signs

A 
Verb become noun
Lexicalized fingerspelling
Loan signs
Compounds
Classifieds
Numeral incorporation
Aspect
50
Q

Verb to noun

A

Fly - airplane

Sit - chair

51
Q

Compounds

A

Creating new words by taking two existing words ( free morphemes) and putting them together

English : blackboard
ASL : think + marry= believe

52
Q

3 rules for creating ASL compounds

A

1st contact rule: 1st or only contact is kept

Single sequence rule: repeated movement is eliminated

Weak hand anticipation: weak hand anticipates second sign

53
Q

Lexicalized fingerspelling (3 things)

A

Represent written symbols of written English with ASL signs

Fast and processed as whole sign

Gloss is preceded by #

54
Q

7 changes in lexicalization process

A

Deletion of signs #yes

Handshape change #car

Movement added # back

Orientation change #back

Reduplication of movement #ha

2nd hand added #what

Additional grammatical info #back

55
Q

Loan signs

A

Language borrows word or sign from another language

English: taco fend shui karaoke

ASL : Japan Italy china

56
Q

Numeral incorporation

A

Composed of 2 bound morphemes

Numeral handshape
Location orientation movement and NMS

57
Q

Why are numeral incorporation morphemes?

A

They have meaning as bound morphemes. As a phonological parameter they have no meaning

58
Q

Why are numeral incorporation bound morphemes?

A

The two morpheme can’t be separated or produces individually.

59
Q

Verb types

A 
Plain
Directional/indicating
    Reciprocal verbs 
    Locative verbs 
Depicting
Transitive and intransitive
60
Q

Plain verbs

A

Produced in specific location that can’t be altered without changing meaning

Me laugh

61
Q

Indicating/ directional verbs

A

Move toward specific people things or locations adding info about subject and object

Me say no to her

62
Q

Reciprocal and locative verbs

A

Type of directional verbs

Reciprocal is used in situations whew subject and object are simultaneously giving and receiving the action
Understand each other

Locative show location where action takes place
Throw, show

63
Q

Space we sign in can either be…

A

Articulatory: just a phoneme

Meaningful: a bound morpheme

64
Q

Depicting verbs

A

Show where something is in space, what it looks like or movements actions

For ASL classifieds consist of two morphemes:
Handshape and orientation
Location movement and NMS

65
Q

Classifiers (6)

A 
Used in different situations
Help add perspective to story 
Have different kind of scope
Divided into two bound morphemes
   Handshape and orientation (root) and
    Movement and location (cluster)
66
Q

How ASL derives bound from verbs with examples

A

Based on movement of signs

Fly (verb) and airplane (noun) show same handshape location and orientation but movement different

67
Q

How English derives nouns from verbs

A

Verbs based on differences in stress on vowels in word

Project

68
Q

Continually aspect

A

Study and sit

69
Q

Regularly aspect

A

Go and sick

70
Q

For a prolonged period aspect

A

Cry and ask

71
Q

Over and over aspect

A

Look at and work

72
Q

In a hurry aspect

A

Sew and write

73
Q

Sign that can be used in one aspect but not another

A

Read

74
Q

Transitive verbs

A

Followed by an object

75
Q

Intransitive verbs

A

Can’t be followed by an object

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