Linguistics

Question 1

Assimilation

Answer 1

when sounds become more similar

Question 2

Dissimilation

Answer 2

when sounds become unalike

Question 3

Apocope

Answer 3

the loss of the final vowel

Question 4

Syncope

Answer 4

the loss of the internal vowel

Question 5

Epenthesis

Answer 5

additions of sounds for pronunciation

Question 6

Metathesis

Answer 6

the changing round of consonants

Question 7

Dialect

Answer 7

varieties of the same language

Question 8

Idiolect

Answer 8

language of the individual

Question 9

Sociolect

Answer 9

dialect of a particular social class

Question 10

Supralect

Answer 10

above/over e.g. English spoken around the world

Question 11

Mutual intelligibility

Answer 11

when people can understand each other e.g. people of neighbouring dialects can understand each other

Question 12

Dialect continuum

Answer 12

dialects differing only slightly between close areas therefore mutual intelligibility decreases the further apart places/dialects are.

Question 13

Patois

Answer 13

dialect of a village as opposed to a region (low status)

Question 14

Vernacular

Answer 14

language/dialect spoken by ordinary people of country/region

Question 15

Kioné

Answer 15

new variety created by dialect mixing/levelling/simplifying

Question 16

Dialect levelling

Answer 16

where differences in dialects decrease

Question 17

Standardisation

Answer 17

formalization of a language with intervention of an institution

Question 18

Dialectology

Answer 18

study of dialects

Question 19

Isogloss

Answer 19

line drawn on a map separating areas of different linguistic features

Question 20

Wave theory (Johannes Schmidt)

Answer 20

linguistics innovations spread like waves

Question 21

Transitional area

Answer 21

lack unique features of a dialect but share some with adjacent areas

Question 22

Pidgin

Answer 22

language needed and created quickly when groups of different languages come into contact

Question 23

Creole

Answer 23

developed Pidgin to become the first language of a speech community

Question 24

Lingua Franca

Answer 24

common standard language

Question 25

Superstrate languages

Answer 25

languages of high prestige

Question 26

Substrate languages

Answer 26

languages of low prestige

Question 27

Decreolisation

Answer 27

when creole structure changes

Question 28

Recreolisation

Answer 28

when creole becomes more creole-like e.g. use of BVE amongst black teenagers in London