Linguistics 2 Flashcards
Define Native Speaker’s Competence
system of linguistic knowledge possessed by native speakers of a language
Define Nativism (Chomsky)
Language is innate
Define Functionalism (Firth)
Language adapts to society’s needs
Define Behaviourism (Skinner)
Language is learnt through operant conditioning - positive and negative reinforcers
Define the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
our structure of language greatly influences our modes of thought
Define Diglossia
two varieties of a language exist together with each having different roles
Define Ambiguity
allows confusion for intentional purposes
Define Phatic communication
small talk rather than to retrieve specific answers
Define Corpus planning
Language standardisation
Define Status planning
allocation of functions to a language
Define Prestige Planning
to make the status change socially acceptable
Define Implementation Planning
government supports the implementation so it is spread on a national scale
what non-linguistic goals can planning achieve?
socioeconomic modernisation or national integration
linguistic assimilation
everyone speaks and understands a dominant language
linguistic pluralism
multilingualism and coexistence of different languages and the right to maintain and cultivate them
vernacularisation
selection and restoration of an indigenous language as official languages
internationalisation
selection of non indigenous languages as official
linguistic normalisation
to empower minority languages, to increase communicative competence and to expand the geographic scope of the language within a given area
Anatolian
earliest knowledge of Indo-European language 4000 years ago
30% TV
Catalan
language courses for admin and government staff
Galician
HABE (1981) - teaching materials to teach adults
Basque
Academy for …. (1979) - creation of Batua as a standard
Basque
language quotas (25% of all music artists heard)
Catalan
All place names
Galician
Galescolas
Galician
Used in institutions, everyday paperwork, education
Catalan
Ley de Orgánica de Universidades (2001) - defence, study and promotion
Basque
19% press
Catalan
Plan de Normalización Linguística (2002) 50% classes in …
Galician
50% radio
Catalan
Educational choice of medium of instruction
Basque
Improvements in admin, education and media
Galicia
