Linguistic Terminology Flashcards
Noun
Names an object, person, place, idea or emotion
Pronoun
Stands in place of a noun
Main Verb
Describes an action or a state
Primary Auxiliary Verb
Provides the tense of the main verb
Modal Verb
Expresses the certainty or uncertainty of the main verb
Adjective
Describes a noun
Comparative Adjective
Compares one noun to another
Superlative Adjective
Compares the quality of one noun to another noun
Evaluative Adjective
Expresses an opinion about a noun
Referential Adjective
Expresses a fact about a noun
Adverb
Describes a verb, adjective or another adverb - can refer to manner, intensity, place, frequency or time
Disjunct
An adverb that modifies a whole sentence
Conjunction
Joins two clauses or items in a list
Coordinating conjunctions - FANBOYS
All other conjunctions and subordinating
Determiner
Expresses number,specificity or ownership of a noun
Preposition
Expresses the relationship between an noun and therest of the sentence
Filler
Fills a pause in speech
Hedge
Softens an utterance
Discourse Marker
Signals a change of topic
Back Channel
Feedback to demonstrate listening
Interruption
Deliberately talking when someone else is to attempt to take over the turn
Overlap
Overlaping the speech of another speaker accidentally or by back-channelling
Monitoring Device
A feature used to check that a listener is paying attention
Quotative
Introduces a quote
Tag Question
A question tagged on at the end of a declarative
Semantic Field
A set of words linked to a specific subject
Low Frequency Lexis
Words which are not used often and might not be understood by everyone
High Frequency Lexis
Words which are used often and understood by most people
Standard English
The form of English used in formal writing and sometimes formal speech
Non-standard English
All other varieties of English, including most spoken varieties
Interrogative
A sentence that asks a question
Declarative
A sentence which makes a statement
Imperative
A sentence that gives a command
Mitigated Imperative
A command with added politeness
Exclamatory
A sentence expressing an exclamation of strong emotion or surprise
Clause Elements - SV
Essential elemets of a clause, subject (doer) and verb
Clause Elements - OAC
Other possible clause elements
Object (done to), adverbial (adverb or adverbial phrase), complement (gives more info about the object or the subject)
Simple Sentence
Contains only one clause
Complex Sentence
Contains two or more independant clauses and at least one subordinate clause
Compound Sentence
Contains two or more independant clauses linked by coordinating conjunctions
Compund-Complex Sentence
Contains at least two independant clauses and at least one subordinate clause
Minor Sentence
Contains either no verb or only a verb
Comment Clause
A short clause which expresses an attitude to the rest of the sentence
Conditional Clause
Expresses a condition and usually begins with ‘if’ or ‘unless’
Relative Clause
A clause which acts like an adjective to describe a noun
