Lindas glodme 2.2

Question 1

Market economy

Answer 1

An economy in which decisions based on investments, prod and distrib are based on supply and demand, and goods prices’ are determined by free price system

Question 2

Consumer economy

Answer 2

an economy that is driven in large part by demand from buyers within the economy itself - the driving force is selling things to your own people; USA

Question 3

Export-led economy

Answer 3

an economy that is driven largely by demand from outside the economy - the driving force is selling things to outside entities; Japan

Question 4

Command economy

Answer 4

Driven from the center. Government and state linked together. Stailin USSR

Question 5

Parliamentary stalemate

Answer 5

A kind of legislative / government gridlock where no new laws or actions are possible because the government is divided - no one group or party is strong enough to make the government work

Question 6

The Great Depression

Answer 6

The financial and industrial slump of 1929 and subsequent years caused by stock market crash, too much growth

Question 7

The New Deal

Answer 7

A program of economic reform, regulation, and restructuring undertaken in the 1930s by the U.S. government under FDR - central to this effort was rebuilding consumer demand through government job creation

Question 8

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Answer 8

President of the U.S. during the Great Depression and World War Two - he radically increased the economic and social power of the federal government. Poured money into public services to help ppl

Question 9

The Weimar Republic

Answer 9

Germany between 1918 and 1933 - this was a parliamentary form that came in after the abdication of the Kaiser and that was destroyed by the rise of the Nazi’s in 1933

Question 10

Holocaust

Answer 10

The effort, undertaken by the Nazi’s during World War II, to systematically exterminate the Jewish population of Europe - resulted in over 6 million deaths.

Question 11

Fascism

Answer 11

Italian political party in power from 1922 - 1943 - ultranationalist, violently anti-communist, allied with the Nazis in Germany - led by Benito Mussolini

Question 12

Nazism - NSDAP

Answer 12

The National Socialist German Workers’ Party - in power from 1933 - 1945 - led by Adolf Hitler

Question 13

Hitler

Answer 13

Nazi leader from the early 1920s through 1945 - author of Mein Kampf - architect of Nazi political, military, cultural, and social policy.

Question 14

Racial hygiene

Answer 14

The idea that a group of people could be made more or less healthy by determining who could reproduce - that a whole people could be “cleaned” by attending to the purity of their racial, cultural, and mental characteristics - this idea was a central part of Nazi ideology

Question 15

Mein Kampf

Answer 15

Meaning “my struggle” this was Hitler’s own story of his life up to the early 1920s - laid out his worldview including his hatred for the Jews and his belief that Germany had been betrayed in World War I.

Question 16

Stalinism

Answer 16

A movement designed to expand rapidly Soviet industry, complete collectivization, and centralize power in the Soviet government via a series of centrally coordinated 5 year plans in the 1930s - hugely mixed results

Question 17

5 Year Plan

Answer 17

Stalin’s project to boost industrial production, collectivize private land and capital, and centralize power under his control - both massive development and catastrophic collapse resulted

Question 18

“revolution from above”

Answer 18

The Leninist / Stalinist idea that the communist revolution was not complete due to the widespread ownership of private land and capital and the persistence of bourgeois beliefs and values in the Soviet masses - a bottom up movement was not going to work so the elite few - the Vanguard of the Proletariat - was going to have to bring the revolution down on the masses instead

Question 19

Engineered famine

Answer 19

A food shortage that is created on purpose - Stalin did this to break up the resistance of the countryside to his collectivization reforms and to help reinvest wealth into industry during the Five Year Plans - Millions died

Question 20

Collectivization

Answer 20

The process of bringing private wealth into public ownership - could refer to land or capital

Question 21

Armenian Genocide

Answer 21

The systematic removal and subsequent death of around 1.5 million Armenians from Turkey during World War I - Turks deny the accuracy of this term

Question 22

Middle East Mandates

Answer 22

After World War I, the area of former Ottoman lands were parcelled up into these separate areas and run in various degrees of dependence by the French and the British

Question 23

ibn Saud - Saudi Arabia

Answer 23

He conquered the Arabian Peninsula from Hussein Ibn Ali in the 1920s and founded a new line of kings that lasts to this day. Supported by the UK and later the the USA.

Question 24

Faysal ibn Husayn

Answer 24

King of Syria in 1920 and King of Iraq from 1921-1933. Hashemite monarchy/dynasty

Question 25

Kamal Ataturk

Answer 25

A founding figure in modern Turkish history - a general during World War I under the Ottoman Sultan - he led resistance to the terms of the Treaty of Sevres and led the transition to a republican, secular, modernizing Turkey. Seen as a hero by Turks and a butcher by Armenians.

Question 26

Aliyah

Answer 26

Hebrew for “moving up” - this refers to a wave of jewish immigration into Palestine (before 1948) or Israel (after 1948).

Question 27

Yishuv

Answer 27

The Hebrew term for the Jewish community in Palestine prior to May 1948. Becomes Mixed after 1948

Question 28

Haganah

Answer 28

The main military wing of the Zionist organization - trained and armed to protect the Yishuv - merged into the IDF after 1948

Question 29

Wailing Wall Disturbances

Answer 29

1929 riots between Jews and Arabs that was sparked by conflict over access to the Temple Mount and the Dome of the Rock and Al Aqsa Mosque that sits on the Temple Mount. This was a manifestation of the anger that was building up in the Palestinian Mandate in the 1920s and presaged the much larger Arab Uprising that would break out in 1936.

Question 30

The Arab Uprising

Answer 30

A huge popular outburst of Arab anger in 1936 against Jewish immigration and land transfer and British Mandate policies that allowed it to continue - lasted until 1939 - caused Peel commission, etc.

Question 31

Peel Commission

Answer 31

Due to Arab Uprising - a British policy that proposed to split the Mandate of Palestine into 2 states - one for Jews and one for Arabs - Jerusalem was to remain internationally controlled - both sides rejected this proposal

Question 32

White Paper of 1939

Answer 32

In response to the Arab Uprising and the outbreak of World War II - this British policy paper promised to end all Jewish immigration and land transfer - finally ended the Balfour promise

Question 33

Biltmore Program

Answer 33

Program / policy of US support for Zionist cause - established during WWII - championed by Truman

Question 34

UN Partition Plan (1947)

Answer 34

This was the plan to divide Palestine into 2 nations that was proposed after WW2 by the international community - the British looked to the international community to help resolve the problem they had been sitting on since the Mandate began. This proposal didn’t end up happening either as the state descended into war rather than partition.

Question 35

Deir Yassin

Answer 35

The massacre of 600 people in Deir Yassin by the Zionist paramilitary groups of the Irgun adn Lehi

Question 36

Yom Haazmuat / Al Nakba

Answer 36

Yom Haazmuat is the Israeli Independence Day for Israelis. For Palestinians it’s Al Nakba, the commemoration of the displacement that proceeded Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948

Question 37

Refugee Crisis

Answer 37

Many Palestinians displaced when Israel took control of Gaza Strip and West Bank in 1948

Question 38

The Intercommunal War

Answer 38

This conflict broke out between Arabs and Jews as soon as the UN Partition Plan was announced - it was, essentially, the house-to-house scramble for control of as much of the Mandate as possible before the end of the Mandate.

Question 39

The First Arab-Israeli War - 1948

Answer 39

This war pitted the new state of Israel against its 5 Arab neighbors - broke out in May 1948 - resulted in Palestine being split between Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip - plus 700,000 Arab refugees whose fate has become central to the politics of the region

Question 40

IDF

Answer 40

The Israeli Defense Force - established in 1948 as the official military of Israel