Limitations

Question 1

Manufacturer maximum operating Altitude…..?

Air Wisconsin maximum operating Altitude…..?

Maximum takeoff and landing Altitude…..?

Minimum takeoff and landing Altitude…..?

Answer 1

Manufacure max op Alt. ……41,000 ft.
Air Wisconsin maximum operating…….37,000 ft.

Maximum takeoff and Landing…….10,000 ft.

Minimum takeoff and landing…….-1,000 ft.

Question 2

RVSM Required Equipment List.

Answer 2

FCM 2.2.2

Question 3

Maneuvering Load Limits

Answer 3

FCM 2.2.3

Flaps retracted......... -1g to +2.5g
Flaps extended (all positions)..........0g to +2.0g

Question 4

Minimum and Maximum Operational Temperatures

Takeoff Minimum Ambient…..?

Takeoff maximum (-1,000 to sea level)…..?

Takeoff maximum (sea level to 10,000 ft)…..?

Enroute maximum (sea level to 10,000 ft)…..?

Enroute maximum (above 10,000 ft to 41,000 ft)…..?

Answer 4

Takeoff minimum (ambient) …..-40ºC

Takeoff maximum (-1,000 to sea level)…..+50ºC

Takeoff maximum (sea level to 10,000 ft)…..ISA+ 35ºC

Enroute maximum (sea level to 10,000 ft)…..ISA+ 35ºC

Enroute maximum (above 10,000 ft to 41,000 ft)…..ISA +30ºC

Question 5

FLAPS OPERATING / EXTENDED SPEEDS

Answer 5

FCM 2.3.1

Question 6

Landing Gear Speeds

Answer 6

FCM 2.3.2-3

Question 7

TURBULENCE PENETRATION SPEEDS

Answer 7

Speed 280 or Mach .75 which ever is more restrictive.

Question 8

MINIMUM OPERATING LIMIT SPEED

Answer 8

Intentional speed reduction below the onset of stall warning, as defined by stick
shaker operation, is prohibited unless a lower speed is specifically authorized for
flight test or training operations

Question 9

MAXIMUM AIRSPEED FOR ADG OPERATION

Answer 9

FCM 2.3.8

Question 10

PASSENGER CAPACITY (COMPANY)

Answer 10

Air Wisconsin’s aircraft are configured with 50 flotation devices, in the form of
seat cushions, plus 3 life preservers in separate storage for passengers (child life
preservers). The number of flotation devices limits the total number of
passengers in the cabin to 53

Question 11

CARGO COMPARTMENT LOADING LIMITATIONS (COMPANY)

Answer 11

FCM 2.4.5

The manufacturer’s limit of 3,500 pounds has been reduced by 100 pounds
to a Company limit of 3,400 pounds due to fixed ballast located in the cargo
compartment

Question 12

RUNWAY SLOPE

Answer 12

FCM 2.5.1

Minimum slope………………………………………………………………………………… -2%
Takeoff maximum……………………………………………………………………………. +2%

Question 13

CROSSWIND / TAILWIND

Answer 13

FMS 2.5.2

Maximum demonstrated crosswinds are derived using steady-state winds from
flight tests conducted on a dry runway. Gust factors, while not limiting, should be
combined with existing weather, runway length, and surface conditions when
considering a decision to takeoff or land. While demonstrated crosswind
components are not AFM limitations, the following will be considered limitations
for Air Wisconsin operations.

Question 14

Maximum demonstrated crosswind component:

Answer 14

FCM 2.5.3

Question 15

X-WIND CATEGORY II OPERATIONS

Answer 15

FCM 2.5.4

The maximum wind components for landing during CAT II Operations are:
Crosswind…………..15 knots
Tailwind…………….. 10 Knots

Question 16

CONTAMINATED RUNWAY OPERATIONS

Max depths of contaminents for takeoff and landing.

Answer 16

FCM 2.5.5

Question 17

PITCH TRIM

Answer 17

2.6.2

Failure to set the pitch trim appropriate to the
computed center of gravity may result in excessive
rotation rate at takeoff.
Pitch trim must be set according to the airplane’s computed center of gravity

Question 18

ROTATION RATE AND PITCH ATTITUDE

Answer 18

FCM 2.6.1

Question 19

DISPATCH OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS

Answer 19

FCM 2.7

Flap Extended Diversion
Upon arrival at the destination airport, an approach shall not be commenced,
nor shall the flaps be extended beyond the 0 degree position, unless one of
the following conditions exists:
• When conducting a precision approach, the reported visibility (or RVR) is
confirmed to be at or above the visibility associated with the landing minima
for the approach in use, and can be reasonably expected to remain at or
above this visibility until after landing; or
• When conducting a non-precision approach, the reported ceiling and
visibility (or RVR) are confirmed to be at or above the ceiling and visibility
associated with the landing minima for the approach in use, and can be
reasonably expected to remain at or above this ceiling and visibility until
after landing; or
• An emergency or abnormal situation occurs that requires landing at the
nearest suitable airport; or
• Option NOT USED by AWA.

Question 20

SINGLE ENGINE TAXI (SET) LIMITATIONS (COMPANY)

Answer 20

FCM 2.8.1

Single engine taxi (SET) is the expected method of conducting taxi operations.
SET is not authorized:
• when damage or injury may result to equipment or personnel on the ramp
due to high thrust settings which may be required.
• for the first outbound taxi of the day; or
• when airport surfaces are contaminated with snow or ice.
Only the left engine may be shutdown for SET into the gate.

Question 21

LIGHTNING PROTECTION

Answer 21

FCM 2.9.6

The top (outboard-most) two (2) trailing dischargers on each winglet and 
horizontal tail end cap must be intact. See System 23 of the CDL in the MEL / 
CDL manual

Question 22

COLD WEATHER OPERATIONS

When must a visual inspection of the wing happen?

Answer 22

FCM 2.9.7

In addition to a visual check, a tactile check of the wing leading edge, wing forward
upper surface, and wing rear upper surface is required during the External
Walkaround (Preflight) Inspection to determine that the wing is free from frost, ice,
snow, or slush when:
1. the OAT is 5ºC or less; or
2. the wing fuel temperature is 0ºC or less; or
3. the atmospheric conditions have been conducive to frost formation

Question 23

COLD WEATHER OPERATIONS

Takeoff is prohibited when?

Answer 23

FCM 2.9.7

Takeoff is prohibited with frost, ice, snow, or slush adhering to any critical surface
(wings, horizontal stabilizer, vertical stabilizer, control surfaces, and engine inlets)

Question 24

SYSTEMS - AIR CONDITIONING / PRESSURIZATION

Answer 24

FCM 2.10

Maximum differential pressures:
Positive ………………………………….. 8.7 PSI
Negative……………………………….. -0.5 PSI
During taxi, takeoff, and landing ……. 0.1 PSI

Question 25

SYSTEMS - AIR CONDITIONING / PRESSURIZATION

Answer 25

FCM 2.10

Question 26

SYSTEMS – AUTO-FLIGHT

Answer 26

FCM 2.11 RESTRICTED MODES Aircraft Flight Control Computer (FCC): 622-9815-904 Aircraft 405-471. Use of PITCH mode for takeoff, climbs and descents is prohibited (Company). Use of DES mode (Flight Director or Autopilot coupled) during approach is not permitted.

Question 27

Auto pilot MINIMUM ALTITUDES FOR USE

Answer 27

FCM 2.11.2 Operation with the autopilot engaged is prohibited at altitudes below 600 ft AGL, except when performing the following: • For visual and non-precision approaches, the minimum autopilot use height is 400 ft AGL. • For precision approaches (ILS), the minimum autopilot use height is 80 ft AGL. • In accordance with 14CFR Part 121.579, AWA policy is to disconnect the autopilot at 50 feet below the approved minimum descent altitude or decision height, or the limits listed above whichever is higher. • The ADC source coupled to the active autopilot must be the same as that coupled to the ATC transponder during flight in RVSM airspace.

Question 28

AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM (AFCS) What are the dangers of ALTS CAP during single engine ops?

Answer 28

2.11.3 WARNING During the ALTS CAP mode the flight guidance/autopilot may not maintain the selected airspeed. If an engine failure occurs during a climb while in ALTS CAP or just before ALTS CAP, the airspeed may drop significantly below the safe operating speed. Crew intervention may be required to maintain safe operating speed.

Question 29

APU TEMPERATURE AND RPM LIMITATIONS AND INDICATIONS

Answer 29

FCM 2.12.2.1 APU start max EGT 974 Max RPM 107%

Question 30

APU BLEED AIR LIMITATIONS

Answer 30

FCM 2.12.2.2

Question 31

APU STARTING LIMITATIONS What is the Max ALT for starting the APU?

Answer 31

FCM 2.12.2.4 Maximum altitude for starting: FL300.

Question 32

What are the starter limitaions on the APU starter?

Answer 32

FCM 2.12.2.4

Question 33

What the limitations of the 10th state bleeds if take off with Anti Ice is required?

Answer 33

FCM 2.13 The bleed air 10th stage valves must be closed for takeoff and landing if the engine cowl and / or wing anti-ice systems have been selected ON

Question 34

What is the load limit on the APU Generator?

Answer 34

FCM 2.14

Question 35

Flaps are prohibited above what Altitude?

Answer 35

FCM 2.15.1 ## Footnote Above 15,000 feet

Question 36

FLIGHT SPOILERS AWAC limit Safety Margines

Answer 36

FCM 2.15.2 AWA Limitation: Flight spoilers must not be extended in flight below an altitude of 1,000 ft AFE. To ensure adequate maneuver margins, flight spoilers must not be extended in flight at airspeeds below the recommended approach (VREF+5) or maneuvering (VREF+10) speeds plus 17 KIAS.

Question 37

STALL PROTECTION SYSTEM Must be verified Operation when?

Answer 37

FCM 2.15.3 The stall protection system test must be accomplished before the first flight of the day.

Question 38

HORIZONTAL STABILIZER TRIM SYSTEM When must the STAB TRIM test be accomplished?

Answer 38

FCM 2.15.4 The horizontal stabilizer trim check must be accomplished prior to the first flight of the day.

Question 39

What are the alternate airport requirements for a flap failure after takeoff?

Answer 39

* Enroute Altitude Must not exceed 15,000 feet * Fuel must enough to fly to the airport with the flaps extended, cunduct an approach and land with 1000 lbs of fuel remaining. * 1 suitable runway of 6000 feet served by an instrument approach. * weather is to be at or above the minimums for the approach In use. * FCM Section 2-12

Question 40

Which static wicks must be installed on the aircraft?

Answer 40

``` The top (outboard-most) two (2) trailing dischargers on each winglet and horizontal tail end cap must be intact. See System 23 of the CDL in the MEL / CDL manual. ```

Question 41

Takeoff is prohibited when during the winter?

Answer 41

Takeoff is prohibited with frost, ice, snow, or slush adhering to any critical surface (wings, horizontal stabilizer, vertical stabilizer, control surfaces, and engine inlets). *Takeoff is permitted with frost adhering to the underside of the wing, that is caused by cold-soaked fuel.*

Question 42

When is a preflight walk around required to determine that the aircraft is free from frost or snow?

Answer 42

In addition to a visual check, a tactile check of the wing leading edge, wing forward upper surface, and wing rear upper surface is required during the External Walkaround (Preflight) Inspection to determine that the wing is free from frost, ice, snow, or slush when: 1. the OAT is 5ºC or less; or 2. the wing fuel temperature is 0ºC or less; or 3. the atmospheric conditions have been conducive to frost formation.

Question 43

What are prohibited modes for using the auto flight?

Answer 43

Use of PITCH mode for takeoff, climbs and descents is prohibited (Company). Use of DES mode (Flight Director or Autopilot coupled) during approach is not permitted.

Question 44

What Auxiliary power unit does the CL-65 200 have?

Answer 44

GARRETT GTCP-36-150RJ

Question 45

What is the max operating altitude of the APU?

Answer 45

37,000 feet AWAC 20,000

Question 46

What is the max starting altitude for the APU?

Answer 46

30,000

Question 47

Max altitude for using bleed air from the APU?

Answer 47

15,000

Question 48

Max altitude for using APU for engine start?

Answer 48

13,000

Question 49

What is the max EGT during APU start?

Answer 49

974 C

Question 50

The 10th stage bleed air valves must be closed when?

Answer 50

The bleed air 10th stage valves must be closed for takeoff and landing if the engine cowl and / or wing anti-ice systems have been selected ON

Question 51

What is the Maximum time allowed on DC POWER only?

Answer 51

To protect flight compartment CRT displays, the maximum permissible time for ground operations with DC power only is 5 minutes.

Question 52

Flight spoilers must not be used when?

Answer 52

300 ft ## Footnote **AWA Limitation:** Flight spoilers must not be extended in flight below an altitude of 1,000 ft AFE. To ensure adequate maneuver margins, flight spoilers must not be extended in flight at airspeeds below the recommended approach (VREF+5) or maneuvering (VREF+10) speeds plus 17 KIAS.

Question 53

Can we use the terrain mapping for navigation?

Answer 53

Airplane navigation must not be predicated upon the use of the terrain display. To avoid giving unwanted alerts, the terrain awareness alerting and display functions must be inhibited on takeoff, approach, or landing within 15 nm of an airport not included in the EGPWS airport database.

Question 54

What approaches are prohibited via the FMS?

Answer 54

• ILS, LOC, LOC-BC, LDA, SDF and MLS approaches using the FMS are prohibited. The FMS does not provide automatic transition to the ILS. • The approach must not be continued past the final approach fix if an FMS "NO APPR" message is displayed on the PFD.

Question 55

Minimum fuel in main tanks before exceeding 500 lbs in the center tank?

Answer 55

4400 lbs

Question 56

Max fuel pressure refueling/gravity

Answer 56

14,518/13,906

Question 57

Minimum fuel temp for take off?

Answer 57

5 C

Question 58

In Flight, Icingconditions exist when?

Answer 58

IN FLIGHT Icing conditions exist in flight at a TAT of 10ºC or below, and visible moisture in any form is encountered (such as clouds, rain, snow, sleet, or ice crystals), except when the SAT is -40ºC or below.

Question 59

VISIBLE MOISTURE DEFINITION

Answer 59

VISIBLE MOISTURE DEFINITION Visible moisture includes, clouds, fog with visibility of 1 mile or less, rain, snow, sleet or ice crystals.

Question 60

GROUND Icing conditions exist when?

Answer 60

GROUND Icing conditions exist on the ground when OAT is 5ºC or below and: • visible moisture in any form (such as clouds, fog, or mist) is present below 400 feet AGL, or • the runway is wet or contaminated, or • in the presence of any precipitation (such as rain, snow, sleet, or ice crystals).

Question 61

If the wing anti ice is selected on for take off, what can not be present on ED1 and what MUST be present on ED2 prior to take off?

Answer 61

There can be no caution messeges for wing anti ice on ED1 and a Green Advisory message for Wing/Cowl Antice must be present on ED2

Question 62

The wing anti-ice system must be selected and confirmed ON for takeoff, when OAT is 5ºC or below and:

Answer 62

The wing anti-ice system must be selected and confirmed ON for takeoff, when OAT is 5ºC or below and: • visible moisture in any form (such as clouds, fog, or mist), is present below 400 feet AGL, or • the runway is wet or contaminated, or • in the presence of any precipitation (such as rain, snow, sleet, or ice crystals)

Question 63

FLIGHT Wing anti ice system must be on when?

Answer 63

Wing anti ice system must be on when: • Ice is annunciated by the ice detector system, or • when in icing conditions and the airspeed is less than 230 KIAS, or • when in icing conditions during descent from cruise altitude, or • prior to extending flaps for approach when TAT is 10C (50F) or below.

Question 64

The wing anti-ice system may be selected OFF on final approach when fully configured for landing, if the following conditions are met:

Answer 64

The wing anti-ice system may be selected OFF on final approach when fully configured for landing, if the following conditions are met: • ICE is not annunciated by the ice detection system, and • not in icing conditions.

Question 65

GROUND The cowl anti-ice system must be on when? Flight?

Answer 65

GROUND The cowl anti-ice system must be on when the OAT is 10ºC or below and visible moisture in any form is present (such as fog with visibility of one mile (1,500 meters) or less, rain snow, sleet and ice crystals). The cowl anti-ice system must also be on when the OAT is 10ºC or below when operating on runways, ramps, or taxiways where surface snow, ice, standing water, or slush is present. FLIGHT The engine cowl anti-ice system must be on when in icing conditions or when ICE is annunciated by the ice detection system.

Question 66

Max permissible oil consumption per hour is?

Answer 66

6.4 oz or 0.05 gallons.

Question 67

OIL LEVEL CHECKS Engine oil levels must be checked as follows:

Answer 67

Engine oil levels must be checked as follows: • The maximum duration without engine oil servicing is 16 operating hours. • For airplane operations in excess of 16 operating hours (without engine oil tank servicing), the engine oil level must be checked after every engine shutdown from the flight compartment ENGINE OIL LEVEL panel. • Wait for a minimum of three minutes after the engine shutdown and check oil level no more than 30 minutes after engine shutdown. • If more than 30 minutes since engine shutdown, an engine dry motoring is required before you check the engine oil level

Question 68

OIL REPLENISHMENT SYSTEM If an engine oil tank must be replenished, then the oil should be added how and when?

Answer 68

OIL REPLENISHMENT SYSTEM If an engine oil tank must be replenished, then the oil should be added and the oil level checked within 15 to 30 minutes after the engine shutdown. Maximum refill allowed is 2 U.S. quarts without dry motoring the engine. If the oil system has to be replenished to maximum capacity and the replenishment period has been exceeded, the engine(s) must be dry motored. How is by a mechanic. Pilots are not allowed to service engine oil.

Question 69

Minimum Oil Presure For Takeoff?

Answer 69

45PSI

Question 70

Max ITT on engine start?

Answer 70

900

Question 71

ITT max continuous thrust?

Answer 71

874

Question 72

Maximum transient oil pressure after cold start:

Answer 72

Maximum transient oil pressure after cold start: - 156 PSI - 130 PSI at idle for 10 minutes maximum - Engine must remain at idle until oil pressure returns to normal range.

Question 73

Max N2 split on the ground?

Answer 73

2%

Question 74

Do not accelerate above idle if N2 is?

Answer 74

Do not accelerate above idle if N2 is 57% or less with an OAT of -20º C or greater (warmer).

Question 75

Definition of a cold soaked aircraft

Answer 75

COLD-SOAKED AIRCRAFT OPERATION Before the first flight of the day, when the airplane is cold-soaked at an ambient temperature of -30ºC or below for more than 8 hours: • N1 fan rotation must be verified before introducing fuel for an engine start. • Thrust reversers must be actuated until the deploy and stow cycles are less than 5 seconds.

Question 76

When do I use continuous ingnition?

Answer 76

CONTINUOUS ENGINE IGNITION 2.21.5.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR USE • Takeoff and landings on contaminated runways; • Takeoffs with high crosswind components (over 15 knots); • Flight through moderate or heavier intensity rain; • Flight through moderate or heavier intensity turbulence; • Flight in the vicinity of thunderstorms.

Question 77

Thrust reverser must be stowed by?

Answer 77

60kias

Question 78

Engine starter limits.

Answer 78

Question 79

Dry motoring limitations

Answer 79

Question 80

Windmilling relight envelope.

Answer 80

* 21,000-15,000 speed 300-VMO N2 12-55% * Less -15,000 speed 300-VMO N2 9-55%

Question 81

Starter limitations

Answer 81

Question 82

What is the max permisable time for oberating the aircraft on DC power only on the ground?

Answer 82

5 Min ## Footnote All cooling of the avionics is done via AC Power.

Question 83

Unusual attitudes are defined as:

Answer 83

Pitch 20 degrees nose up or down Roll 30 left or right.

Question 84

Maximum decent rates:

Answer 84

10,000-5,000 3,000 fpm 5,000-1,500 2,000 fpm 2,000-sfc 1,000 fpm