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ATP > Limitations > Flashcards

Limitations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the minimum flight crew?

A

Answer: 2 PILOTS.
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

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2
Q

What is maximum runway slope?

A

Answer: ± 2% OF RUNWAY LENGTH.
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

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3
Q

What is maximum temperature for aircraft operation?

A

Answer: ISA + 35oC.
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

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4
Q

What is the maximum takeoff and landing pressure altitude?

A

EMB-135ER/LR and EMB-145EP/LR: -1000 ft to 8000 ft. EMB-145XR: -1000 ft to 10000 ft.

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5
Q

What are the minimum and maximum fuel tank temperatures?

A

-40oC to 52oC.

Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

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6
Q

On a cold morning day, the airplane power is established. If the APU is to be used, what is the minimum battery temperature for APU start?

A

The minimum battery temperature for APU start is -20oC. Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

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7
Q

What are the APU starter limits? At what percent rotor speed would the APU automatically shut down? How long can the APU operate in the amber range?

A

After 1st Attempt …. 1 MINUTE OFF After 2nd Attempt …..1 MINUTE OFF After 3rd Attempt …….30 MINUTES OFF. The APU will be automatically shut down at 104% rotor speed. The APU EGT may exceed 680oC up to 717oC (Amber) for a maximum of 5 minutes.
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

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8
Q

Assuming the oil temperature is -15°C, can engines be started?

A

Yes, the minimum oil temperature for starting is -40oC.

Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

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9
Q

What is the maximum ITT for engine start?

A

800oC.

Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

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10
Q

If a crew has a ‘hung start’ during the 1st start attempt what is the minimum time a crew has to wait before another engine start can be attempted? What about engine start cycles 2 through 5?.

A

1 MINUTE OFF minimum after the 1st start attempt. The 2rd through 4th start attempt is 1 MINUTE ON, 1 MINUTE OFF. The 5th start attempt is 1 MINUTE ON, 5 MINUTES OFF.
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

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11
Q

If a cold engine is started and the oil pressure spikes (increases) to 120 PSI? What should the crew do? What if it was 115 PSI?

A

Start timer. Monitor and comply with the oil pressure range limitation.110 PSI may be exceeded during starts if oil temperature is below 21oC. The engine must remain at IDLE until the oil pressure is less than 110 PSI.
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1

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12
Q

While taxiing out to the runway (less than 88% N2) what is the acceptable oil pressure range?

A

34 PSI to 110 PSI (Green Range) Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

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13
Q

What is the definition of a cold engine?

A

An engine is considered to be cold if it has been shut down for more than 90 minutes.
Reference: OM Vol.1, Section 1, Limitations

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14
Q

Assuming a cold engine, how long must the engine run to meet the engine warm- up limitations?

A

4 minutes.

Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

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15
Q

Assuming a warm engine, how long must the engine run to meet the engine warm- up limitations?

A

2 minutes.

Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

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16
Q

Assuming the engine was cold and the engine has run for 4 minutes, can the crew takeoff if the engine temperature is 38oC?

A

No, to increase N2 above 83%, the engine oil temperature must be at 40oC minimum. In lieu of this limit, it is acceptable to either to run the engine for at least 8 minutes or complete a static run-up to 88% N2, allow the engine to stabilize, check to ensure that the oil pressure is equal to or less than 83 PSI.
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

17
Q

What is the min./max. SAT for takeoff?

A

-40/52 oC

Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

18
Q

What is the maximum tailwind?

A

10 KTS.

Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

19
Q

What limitations are imposed on using the windshield wipers?

A

170 KIAS. Do not operate on a dry windshield. Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

20
Q

What is VLO for retraction/extension? What is VLE?

A

VLO 200 KTS (retraction) 250 KTS (extension) VLE 250 KTS.

Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

21
Q

On the takeoff roll the oil pressure drops to 42 PSI. Is this acceptable?

A

While this is an abnormal condition, operation between 34 and 48 PSI (A1E) or between 34 and 50 PSI (A1P & A1/3) is permitted during takeoff and go around phases of flight.
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

22
Q

On the takeoff roll the oil pressure increases to 112 PSI. Is this acceptable? Would an increase to 118 PSI be allowed? For how long?

A

Yes, 112 PSI is permitted in all operational modes and is time limited to 5 minutes. Operation in the oil pressure amber range between 116 PSI and 155 PSI is permitted in all operational modes and is time limited to 2 minutes. However, total time above 110 PSI may not exceed 5 minutes.

23
Q

How long can the aircraft remain in the takeoff thrust setting? What is the maximum N1 value?

A

Takeoff thrust is time limited to 5 minutes. 100% N1.

Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

24
Q

How long can a vibration remain in the amber range but below 2.5 IPS during takeoff?

A

May be exceeded up to (but not including) 2.5 IPS for 5 minutes during the takeoff or go-around phases of flight.
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

25
Q

After takeoff, how soon can the autopilot be engaged?

A

Minimum Engagement Height after Takeoff: 500 FT. AGL. Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

26
Q

What is the maximum airspeed after takeoff without re-trimming?

A

160 KIAS.

Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

27
Q

On a non-XR aircraft, If an electrical abnormal caused the aircraft to rely solely on the main batteries for electrical power, how long would the ISIS remained powered?

A

Maximum duration of the ISIS when operating only on batteries is 40 minutes. Note: The maximum duration of battery power can be extended to 45 minutes if the pitot 3 sensor heating button is turned off when not operating in icing conditions.
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

28
Q

Although the airplane is heavily automated with respect to pressurization, what are the values for maximum differential pressure/overpressure/negative pressure?

A

Maximum Differential Pressure Maximum Differential Overpressure Maximum Differential Negative Pressure Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations
7.8 PSI. 8.1 PSI. -0.3 PSI.

29
Q

The crew usually can let the aircraft automatically handle the anti-ice operations. If there was a malfunction and manual anti-icing operations became necessary, what would be the minimum and maximum temperatures limits be?

A

Minimum Temperature for Manual Anti-ice Operation -40oC. Maximum Temperature for Manual Anti-ice Operation 10oC.
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

30
Q

What is VA? What is the maximum airspeed for turbulent air penetration?

A

200 KIAS
At or below 10,000 ft. 200 KIAS.
Above 10,000 ft. 250 KIAS/0.63M, WHICHEVER IS LOWER. Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

31
Q

What is the min./max. SAT at FL370?

A

-65oC/-21.5oC.

Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

32
Q

The TAT is limited to what when operating above FL250?

A

Total Air Temperature in cruise flight above 25,000 ft. is limited to -45oC. However, if momentary deviations occur down to -50°C, no maintenance action is required.

33
Q

Enroute the crew notices a fuel imbalance of 500 lbs, has a limitation been exceeded? What is the maximum fuel imbalance allowed?

A

No, the maximum permitted fuel imbalance between wing tanks is 800lbs.
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

34
Q

If holding in icing conditions enroute what configuration and minimum speed should be used?

A 
Landing Gear Flaps
UP.
0o.
200 KIAS.
Minimum Airspeed
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations
35
Q

When descending into an airport, what is the maximum flap extension altitude?

A

Maximum Altitude for Flap Extension 20,000 FT. Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

36
Q

What are the maximum flap extension speeds for flaps 9°, 18°, 22°, 45°? Is the EMB-145XR different? What if operating above 10, 000’ MSL?

A 
9o 18o
22o XR 180 KIAS.
45o XR 145 KIAS/ Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations
250 KIAS.
200 KIAS.
200 KIAS.
145 KIAS.
160 KIAS.
Above 10,000 ft. with yaw damper disengaged:
22o
45o ER/EP 45o XR
37
Q

While on an approach what are the minimum disengagement heights

A

Minimum During Visual Approach Minimum During CAT I ILS Approach
Minimum During CAT II ILS Approach
Minimum During Non-Precision Approach Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations
200 FT. AGL.
200 FT. AGL.
85 FT. AGL.
BEFORE LEAVING MDA.

38
Q

When landing below what temperature would a maintenance inspection be required?

A

In the event of a landing below -40oC, the airplane may not takeoff without a maintenance inspection.
Reference: OM Vol. 1, Section 1, Limitations

ATP (19 decks)

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