Limitations Flashcards
Minimum oil temperature for start
-40°C (red radial)
Maximum continuous Np
100%
What are the non-memory items on the QRC?
- Engine Fire On Ground
- Engine Fire In Flight
- APU Fire
- Class-C Baggage Fire Or Smoke
- Inadvertent Propeller Feather
- ————————-———————
- Battery Overheat
- Emergency Descent
- Windshield Overheat
QRC Memory Item:
Prop Overspeed Np Above 103%
Identify the affected engine and proceed:
1. Power lever……………Flight Idle
2. Cond Lever…Feather, then check
3. Airspeed…………Below 180 KIAS
4. Flaps…………………….15 degrees
5. Airspeed…..125 KIAS MINIMUM
In case no feathering observed:
6. Electric Feather Switch…On, then check feather
Ground Idle with EEC on,
Condition Lever MIN-MAX
What is Np range?
MIN 50% - MAX 65%
What are the cues for windsheer?
15 KIAS Airspeed
500 FPM
5° Pitch Attitude
1 dot glideslope
Maximum DV window open speed
140 KIAS
Electric controller dump limit
13,000 feet
When is wheel braking available after landing?
(Which ever is first):
Wheel speed of 50 KTS
OR
3 seconds after weight-on-wheels
Maximum speed for setting Np to 100%
200 KIAS
Unusable fuel per wing
24 lbs
Minimum altitudes for autopilot\yaw damper use:
Takeoff…600 ft AGL
Nonprecision/Visual appr…400ft AGL
Precision appr…200 ft AGL
Maximum Continuous Tolerance for Np
100 to 101.0%
Maximum operating altitude-
EEC off, Engine Bleed Closed
FL 200
Green Hydraulic System Services (6)
Outboard Brakes Outboard Flaps Landing gear Nose wheel steering Main cabin door Rudder
Backup Battery Voltage/Amperage
24 Volts - 5 Amps
On the ground, Power Levers at GRD IDLE, EEC’s deferred:
Nh should be?
Nh greater than or equal to 50%
White ignition light on from _ to _?
0 to 50%
Vfe 25°
150 KIAS
Maximum continuous takeoff temperature T6
800°C
Normal battery voltage
24 Volts
Maximum Cruise Torque Np at 90%
80% Tq
QRH Memory Item:
Rapid Depressurization
- O2 masks…Don, select 100%
2. Crew Communication…Establish
Passenger O2 masks drop at what cabin pressure altitude?
14,000ft cabin pressure altitude
Maximum Operating Altutudes
RVSM Restriction
FL 280
Number of dripless sticks per wing
4
Minimum battery voltage for APU start
22 V
Maximum operating altitude:
EEC On, Engine Bleed Open
FL 320
Maximum continuous torque for takeoff
100%
Maximum Crosswind, First Officer as Pilot Flying
20 KTS
T6 Maximum Temperature Warning light on at:
816°C
Maximum demonstrated Crosswind component
30 KTS
Maximum Cruise Torque Np at 85%
84% Tq
Circling Approach Airspeed
135 KIAS
Maximum wiper speed
160 KIAS
Minimum Operating Temperature
-54°C
Maximum Start Temperature (20 seconds)
816 - 850°C
Minimum Single Engine Autopilot Speed
120 KIAS
When does the APU shut down automatically in flight?
- Generator Overvoltage
Or
- Overspeed
For advanced SWS activation:
Pusher senses flaps?
Shaker senses flaps?
Pusher flaps 0°
Shaker flaps 45°
QRH Memory Item:
Emergency Evacuation
- Parking Brake…On
- Pressurization System…Dump
- Condition Levers…Fuel Cut-Off
- Engine Fire Handles…Squeeze & Pull
- Agent A & B (if necessary)…Discharge
- APU Shutoff/Extg Switch…Close
- APU Shutoff/Extg Switch (if necessary)…EXTG
- EMER lights.…ON
- Evacuation PA…Initiate
- Power Select Switch, Backup Battery…OFF
Propeller Heat Cycle - COLD
ON… 20 seconds
OFF… 60 seconds
Maximum cabin differential pressure
7.2 psi
Minimum Nh for Operation of Deice Equipment
80% Nh
Total Fuel per Tank
2,866 lbs
Flaps 45 Approach Airspeed
Vref + 10 KTS
Maximum Ramp Weight
26,609 lbs
Maximum Np for Ground Operations
65% Np
Vfe 45°
135 KIAS
When does backup battery power the Standby Attitude Indicator?
When Emergency Bus drops to less than19 Volts
What overrides GPU Power
Main Gen power
Minimum O2 for dispatch: Cabin Portable Bottle
1200 psi
Vfe 15° EMB
Vfe 15° SKW
EMB 200 KIAS
SKW 180 KIAS
When to use Ignition?
- Icing Conditions
- Moderate/Severe Turbulence
- Contaminated Runways
Va
200 KIAS
Minimum Oil Temperature to Feather Propeller
10°C
When should oil level be checked after engine shutdown?
Ideally 15-25 minutes
Limitation 10-30 minutes
HOLDING
Minimum airspeed?
Maximum bank angle?
Minimum Np & Nh in icing?
170 KIAS
30° bank
Ice- min Np = 85%
Min Nh = 80%
Maximum Transient Torque
Up to ____ seconds
120% up to 20 seconds
Maximum Emergency Takeoff Power T6 Temperature
? Minutes
816°C for 5 minutes
Maximum Operating Altitude:
EEC On, Engine Bleed Closed
FL 250
Minimum Np for Takeoff
99.5%
Main Generators Maximum Amperage
400 Amps
Maximum Tailwind Component
10 KTS
Prop Heat Cycle
NORM
ON……10 seconds
OFF……60 seconds
Minimum O2 for Dispatch:
Main Bottle without passengers
800 PSI
Maximum Operating Temperature with
EFIS
ISA + 35°C
Prop Tip Clearance
18 Inches
Normal Passenger O2
1850 PSI at 21°C
QRC Memory Items:
Electric Trim Runaway
- Electric Trim Wheel…Hold
- AP/TRIM/PUSHER DISC switch…Press & Hold
- Autopilot transfer switch…Press
Maximum Amps for Main Generators
Above ___ ft or ISA+___°C
380 Amps
Above 27,000ft or ISA+27°C
Maximum APU Amps
Up to ISA+35°C
Above ISA+35°C
Up to ISA+35°C:
16,000ft……290 A
Above ISA+35°C:
15,000ft……280 A
Cold Weather starter limit
Oil temperature < 10°C
2 Start Attempts
30 sec On……3 min Off
30 sec On……3 min Off
What Accessories are on the RGB?
6 items
- Prop Control Unit (PCU)
- PCU Oil Pump
- Aux Feather Pump
- Overspeed Governor
- Mechanical Hydraulic Pump
- Aux Electrical Generators
(On the power turbine)
What is the Maximum Nh limit when Power Levers are at Flight Idle?
Nh less than or equal to 75%
What accessories are driven by the TMM?
5 items
- Air/Oil Separator
- Oil Pump Pack
- Starter/Generator
- Mechanical Fuel Pump
- HMU (Tq motor, Enrichment Solenoid Valve, etc)
(On the high pressure turbine)
Maximum Continuous Oil Pressure for Takeoff
55 to 65 psid
Green Arc
When Power Levers are at Flight Idle & Nh < 75%:
What is the oil pressure limitation?
40 to 55 psid
Lower red line and lower yellow arc caution range
Maximum Main Tire Speed
165 KTS
CREW OXY light on the MAP means?
O2 Cylinder Pressure below 375 psi
= 35 minutes for Capt, FO, & Observer
Main Tire Hydroplane Speed
103 KTS
P3 Bleed Air is used for?
6 items
- Pressurization/environmental
- Vacuum for Pressurization
- Pneumatic Deice
- Hydraulic Reservoir Pressurization
- Engine Labyrinth Seals
- 109% Overspeed Protection
Nose Tire Hydroplane Speed
80 KTS
APU Fuel Consumption
Generator = 70 pph
Bleed = 120 pph
Gen & Bleed = 130 pph
VDP Calculation
DME- HAT/300 = distance from threshold
TIME- 300 ft/NM 10% of HAT , seconds FAF to MAP
(Last glance VDP 400 ft/NM) HAT/400
When is cold weather preflight required?
6 items
- OAT less than or equal to 5°C
- Wing fuel temp less than or = 0°C
- OAT less than or = 10°C & snow, water, or frost is present on the ground
- Frost
- Thru flight w/residual ice on aircraft
- Fuel Tank Area Cold Soak -frost on wings OR OAT near 0°C & dew pt. spread is less than or = 3°
What is a total EEC failure?
- Torque Motor Closes
- HMU Solenoid Valve is DEPOWERED OPEN
-Red EEC light, audio “Engine Control”, White MANUAL light on
HMU Solenoid Valve fails to close descending thru 14,000ft
•Fails in CLOSED position (still energized)
- HMU Solenoid failed to de-power OPEN or
- Valve mechanically stuck
- Altitude < or = FL 250
- Torque > or = 20% (valve may be stuck in high altitude lean position)
Red EEC light + “Engine Control”
White MANUAL light
= Torque Motor Closed
Total EEC failure
Minimum O2 for dispatch:
Main bottle PSI with passengers
1,400 PSI
Maximum APU Operating Temperatures
above ___ altitude
Can operate APU up to 16,000ft when OAT is less than or = to ISA + 38°C.
Can operate APU above 16,000ft when OAT is less than or = to ISA + 35°C
Maximum Amps for Auxiliary Generator
Above ___ Altitude?
140 Amps above FL 180
What is the minimum oil pressure when the Power Levers are at Ground Idle?
40 psid
Lower Red line
What is the maximum continuous oil temperature for takeoff?
118A
45°C to 115°C
What calculated torque is take off not allowed?
Tq < 65%
What is the maximum transient oil temperature?
(for ___ minutes)
(118A)
115°C to 125°C
For 20 minutes
How to feather the propeller?
-Manual Feather w/Condition Levers
•PCU Pump & Manual Feather Valve
-Autofeather
-Engine Fire Handle
-Electric Feather Switch
•Aux Feather Pump & Feather Solenoid Valve
Take off and landing contaminated runway restrictions
DRY SNOW• > 6500ft runway = 4 in
Less than or = 6500ft runway = 2 in
WET SNOW• > 6500ft runway = 2 in
Less than or = 6500ft runway = 1in
SLUSH/STANDING H2O•
> 6500ft runway = 1in
less than or = 6500ft = 1/2 in
Engine Start- Ignition Light does not go out at 50%
- Start Switch…Abort
- Elec EMERG Switch…EMERG
Bus Ties 1 & 2…OFF
-verify Ignition Light out
3. Power Select Switch…OFF R+L Main Gens…OFF R+L Aux Gens…OFF APU Gen…OFF Condition Levers…Fuel Cut-Off
Maximum Cruise Torque when Np at 100%
72% Tq
What are conducive icing conditions?
OAT is 10°C or below & visible moisture on the ground
Maximum transient Np
110% for 20 seconds
Np Overspeed Oil Pressure Limitation
103%
Vb
turbulent air penetration speed
175 KIAS
Engine Start Abort
- Condition Lever…Fuel Cut-off
- Peak T6…Note
- Ignition Switch…OFF, verify ignition light out
- Start Switch…ABORT, check decrease Nh & T6
- Ignition Switch…AUTO
FAR Maximum Holding Speeds
Sea Level to 6,000ft = 200 KIAS
6,001 to 14,000ft = 230 KIAS
14,001 + = 265 KIAS
Vmo at what altitude?
272 KIAS at 13,000 ft
Gusty wind conditions approach speed
Add 50% of gust factor to Vref
If >130 KTS, fly faster airspeed not to exceed Vfe
Maximum emergency torque for takeoff
110% for 5 minutes
Emergency Fuel (at Max landing weight)
500 lbs
When does the autofeather activate?
When one torque drops below 22%
Maximum Operating Altitudes:
EEC Off, Engine Bleed Open
FL 250
Max cargo weight
700 Kg mod
1543 lbs
Items the fire handle activates
- Fuel shut off valve
- Hydraulic shut off valve
- Bleed air valve
- Engine Deice valve
- Electric feather system
When is pusher inhibited?
Five seconds after takeoff
&
Greater than 173 KIAS
Hot battery bus items (7)
- Main Cabin Door
- Courtesy Lights
- Auto Transfer
- DC Indicator
- Fire Extinguising
- Fuel Shutoff Valve
- Hydraulic Shutoff Valve
Maximum fuel imbalance
600 lbs
Maximum APU EGT at Idle
RPM > 90% = 732°C
Maximum continuous Nh limit
118A
102%
What speed does Pusher arm?
Below 153 KIAS
Cabin altitude MAP light
10,000 ft cabin pressure altitude
Battery temperature warning
70°C
Maximum takeoff and landing pressure altitude
EEC On - Max 8,000 ft PA
EEC Off - Max 10,000 ft PA
Maximum zero fuel weight
24,030 lbs
Nose wheel steering Tiller °
Nose wheel steering Rudder Pedal °
50°
7°
Auxiliary Generator on at ___ Np?
70%
How much fuel do you add to Unusable Fuel when main ejector pump is inoperative?
Add 79.6 lbs
to 24 lbs unusable
What overrides APU power?
GPU power
Min/Max AIRSPEEDS for APU Air Start
Min = 135 KIAS
Max = 200 KIAS
What percentage do generators parallel each other?
Within 10% of each other
Starter attempt limits
- 30 sec on…3 min Off
- 30 sec on…3 min Off
- 30 sec on…30 min Off
Maximum Takeoff Weight
26,433 lbs
How long should Propeller be Feathered before shutdown?
20 seconds
What altitude does cabin pressurize to on takeoff?
-300 ft below field elevation
Ground Idle EEC On:
Condition Lever Nh Min-Max?
Min- 62%
Max 72%
Minimum ILS Coupled Autopilot Altitude
200 ft AGL
Engine Inlet Intake Deice Boot Cycle
6 sec ON, 174 sec OFF
3 min
When does Autofeather arm?
- Autofeather switch ON
- Both power levers beyond 62°
- Both engines Torque > 62% within 8 seconds
Straight-in Flaps 25° approach airspeed
130 KIAS
Electric Feather Pump Duty Cycle
20 seconds on,
6 consecutive cycles
Landing Gear Warning inhibited how long after takeoff?
60 seconds
Emergency Lights Battery
17 MINUTES to discharge
22 HOURS to recharge
Maximum Operating Temperature:
FIS
ISA + 38°C
APU Starter Limits
4 attempts: 30 sec ON……3 min OFF 30 sec ON……3 min OFF 30 sec ON……3 min OFF 30 sec ON……30 min OFF
Cabin Rate Knob:
Climb detent?
Descent detent?
Climb = 650 fpm Descent = 450 fpm
What speed is Anti-skid deactivated?
6 KTS
Deice boot time cycle
6 sec On, 54 sec Off
Minimum Fuel (at Max landing weight)
750 lbs
Minimum Np for icing conditions
85% Np
Minimum Oil Temperature to UNFEATHER the propeller
0° C
Number of emergency exits
6 total
2 DV Windows, Main Cabin Door, 2 overwing in row 6, one in row 9
Maximum Start Temperature
5 sec max
850°C to 950°C
Normal cabin Differential Pressure
7.0 psi
When does APU start contact engage?
0 to 50%
Maximum Amps for AUX Generator
150 Amps
Inward Pressure Relief at:
-0.3 psi
Maximum Landing Weight
25,794 lbs
Maximum Cruise Torque Np at 80%
84% Tq
Skywest T6 climb limit
720°C
Avionics remaining in DC Electrical EMERG mode
ADF 1
Transponder 1
VHF 1
Blue Hydraulic System powers:
5
- Inboard Brakes
- Inboard Flaps
- Nacelle Flaps
- Emergency/Parking Brake
- Rudder
Roll Upset Recovery
- Roll Control Sluggish
- Tendency to over control
- High control forces
Recovery:
- reduce AOA using pitch
- Apply power as necessary
- Do not change configuration
- Altitude loss is expected
Maximum Nose Tire Speed
183 KTS
V lo/le
200 KIAS
Minimum\maximum altitudes for APU air start
-1000ft to 20,000 ft
Maximum Np reverse
80.5%
QRH memory items:
Cabin fire or smoke
- O2 masks…Don, select 100%
- Recirc & Gasper Fans…Off
- Smoke Goggles…Don
- Crew Communication…Establish
Np Overspeed Fuel Flow Limitation
109%
Rudder Green System Disabled at what Airspeed?
Greater than 120 KIAS
APU Maximum EGT during start
Rpm < 50% = 974°C
What is an EEC fail fix?
- Occurs below 14,000ft
- Loss if a peripheral sensor
- Torque motor freezes
- Red EEC light illuminates
- Audio “Engine Control”
What are the functions of the backup battery?
- Stabilize current.
2. Power the standby attitude indicator when EMER BUS drops below 19V
