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Geography Grade 9 > Limestone > Flashcards

Limestone Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Limestone?

A

Limestone is a sedimentary rock which consists largely of calcium carbonate.

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2
Q

What are the types of limestone?

A

Coralline
Oolites
White limestone/chalk
Yellow Limestone

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3
Q

Describe the coralline limestone

A

It is made up of the remains of coral polyps.

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4
Q

Describe the Oolites limestone

A

Its a calcium precipitate which is formed from a solution in sea water

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5
Q

Describe the white limestone/chalk

A

It is made up of 95% calcium carbonate. Its soft and know as pure limestone. Its not suitable for settlements. (Its weak)

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6
Q

Describe the yellow limestone

A

It is made up on mud and other impurites. (strong limestone)

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of limestone?

A

Porous- The spaces in the sediments allow water to enter/ pass through
Previous- Joints, faults, bedding planes
Good aquifiers- 40% and 25% of Jamaica’s ground and surface water comes from the aquifier in Trelawny

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8
Q

Where is cockpit country?

A

Rugged areas of peaks, valleys and caves located in western Central Jamaica

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9
Q

In which parishes are cockpit countries found?

A

Trelawny, St. Ann, St James, St. Elizabeth and Manchester

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10
Q

What are some countries dominant in limestone?

A

Cuba
Jamaica
Puerto Rico
Belize
Trinidad
Bahamas
Barbados

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11
Q

What are some headwaters of major rivers in CC?

A

Martha Brae
Black River
Great River
Rio Bueno

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12
Q

What gives you calcium bicarbonate?

A

Carbonic acid and calcium carbonate

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13
Q

What gives you carbonic acid?

A

water and carbon dioxide

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14
Q

What gives you sulphuric acid?

A

water and sulphur dioxide

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15
Q

What are the 2 theories of the formation of cockpits?

A

Solution- Heavy rains washing through falted limestone, dissolving and eroding the faults. The debris washes through the sinkholes.
Collapse- The collapse of cave systems

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16
Q

What are poljes?

A

Poljes are a flat floored depression in a limestone area surronded by a steep side hill.

17
Q

What are poljes used for?

A

Drainage basins

18
Q

What are poljes caused by?

A

Carbonation in the joints or crack in the limestone

19
Q

What are limestone pavements comprised of?

A

Large rectangular rocks called clints and large grooves that seperated them called grykes

20
Q

What is a sinkhole?

A

Depression in the land surface

21
Q

How are sinkholes formed?

A

They are formed by the dissolving of underlying limestones and the collapse of the surface material.

22
Q

When does the river return to the surface?

A

At the resurgence point

23
Q

What are Dry Valleys?

A

Steep sided valleys that no longer have water flowing over the surface.

24
Q

What forms from below a dry valley?

A

Underground caves.

25
Q

Caves may collapse to form a…

A

gorge

26
Q

What is a doline?

A

A small depression when one caves collapse

27
Q

When several dolines come together what do they form?

A

poljes or uvala

28
Q

How are stalacites formed?

A

When water drips from the roof of the cave it leaves back calciuk carbonate which forms into stalacites?

29
Q

How are stalagmites formed?

A

When the water drips of the caves ground surface it leaves back calcium carbonate which forms into stalagmites

30
Q

How are flowstones and rimstones formed?

A

When water drips on the cave walls

31
Q

How are deparies formed?

A

When water drip on the edges of the ledges

32
Q

What is karst?

A

A limestone pavement characterized by sinkholes and caves

33
Q

How are karsts formed?

A

When carbonic acid turns into calcium carbonate which then turns into calcium bicarbonate it results in the formation of karst above and beyond the earth surface

34
Q

What are some economic value of karsts?

A

Agriculture- Some kasrts regions have rich and productive soil.
Industry- Limestone can be used in cement and steel making
Tourisms- Alot of people visit caves through out the year. This serves as a source of income for residents in karst areas.

35
Q

What is the recreational value of karst?

A

Karst offers caving as a recreatinal activity which has become quite popular.

Geography Grade 9 (2 decks)

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