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오스피 > limbs u > Flashcards

limbs u Flashcards

1
Q

what structures pass through carpel tunnel?

A

flexor digitorum profundus (4)
flexor digitorum superficialis (4)
flexor pollicis longus
median nerve

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2
Q

describe the attachments of pectoral is major

A

medial half of clavicle
superior 6 costal cartilages
aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

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3
Q

what actions can pectoralis major do? - how do you test these

A

adduction
flexion
medial rotation of humerus

with elbow flexed, against resistance, feel the muscle by placing hand on the chest

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4
Q

what other test is the same as pectoralis major function test except for the fact that you don’t need resistance?

A

glenohumeral joint test

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5
Q

what nerve innervates pectoralis major?

A

lateral & medial pectoral nerve

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6
Q

describe the attachments of pectoralis minor

A

ribs 3-5

coracoid process of scapula

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7
Q

what nerve innervates pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

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8
Q

what is the function of pectoralis minor?

A

stabilisation of scapula

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9
Q

describe the attachments of subclavius

A

1st costochondral joint

medial third of clavicle

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10
Q

what is the function of subclavius?

A

stabilisation & depression of clavicle

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11
Q

describe the attachments of seratus anterior

A

lateral end of ribs 1-8

medial border of scapula

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12
Q

what are the motions seratus anterior is able to do? - how do you test this

A

lateral rotation
protraction of scapula

put arm out and push against resistance, place hand on the posteriolateral aspect of the back

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13
Q

what nerve innervates seratus anterior?

A

long thoracic nerve

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14
Q

describe the attachments of latissumus dorsi

A 
(twists on itself)
intertubercular groove of humerus
T7-12
iliac crest
ribs 9-12
inferior border of scapula
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15
Q

what motions can latissimus dorsi do? - how do you test this

A

extension
adduction
medial rotation of humerus

adduct arm against resistance with elbow flexed, place hand on the back

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16
Q

what nerve innervates latissimus dorsi?

A

long scapular nerve

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17
Q

describe the attachments of trapezius

A 
occipital bone
nuchal ligament
spinous processes of C7-T12
clavicle
acromion
scapular spine
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18
Q

what motions can trapezius do? - how do you test this

A

elevation
depression
retraction
rotation of scapula

raise the shoulder against resistance

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19
Q

what nerve innervates trapezius?

A

accessory nerve

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20
Q

describe the attachments of levator scapulae and the nerve innervating

A

transverse processes of C1-4
medial border of scapula

dorsal scapular nerve

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21
Q

what motions can levator scapular do?

A

elevation of scapula

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22
Q

describe the attachments of rhomboid major and nerve innervating it

A

spinous processes of T2-5
medial border of scapula

dorsal scapular nerve

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23
Q

what motions can rhomboid major do?

A

retraction

medial rotation of scapula

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24
Q

describe the attachments of rhomboid minor and the nerve innervating it

A

spinous processes of C7-T1
medial border of scapula

dorsal scapular nerve

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25
Q

what motions can rhomboid minor do?

A

retraction

medial rotation of scapula

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26
Q

describe the attachments of deltoid

A

acromion
scapular spine
lateral third of clavicle
deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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27
Q

what motions can deltoid do? - how do you test this

A

abduction of humerus

elbow flex, abduction, against resistance, feel for muscle at the shoulder

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28
Q

what nerve innervates deltoid?

A

axillary nerve

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29
Q

describe the attachments of teres major

A

lateral aspect of inferior angle of scapula

medial lip of intertubercular sulcus

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30
Q

what motions can teres major do?

A

adduction
retraction
medial rotation of humerus

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31
Q

what nerve innervates teres major?

A

lower subscapular nerve

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32
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

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33
Q

describe the attachments of subscapularis and nerve innervating it

A 
subscapular fossa (anterior)
lesser tubercle of humerus

upper and lower subscapular nerve

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34
Q

what motions can subscapularis do?

A

medial rotation of humerus

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35
Q

describe the attachments of supraspinatus and infraspinatus, and nerve innervating them

A

supraspinous or infraspinous fossa
greater tubercle of humerus

suprascapular nerve

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36
Q

what motions can supraspinatus do?

A

abduction for first 15 degrees of humerus

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37
Q

what motions can infraspinatus do?

A

lateral rotation of humerus

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38
Q

describe the attachments of teres minor and the nerve innervating it

A

lateral border of scapula
greater tubercle of humerus

axillary nerve

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39
Q

what motions can teres minor do?

A

lateral rotation of humerus

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40
Q

how do you test teres major and subscapularis?

A

medial rotation (+ adduction, retraction)

put hands as far up the back as possible against resistance

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41
Q

how do you test supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor?

A

lateral rotation and abduction

put hands behind the neck against resistance

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42
Q

what are the muscles of anterior compartment of arm?

what nerve innervates them?

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis

musculocutaneous nerve

43
Q

describe the attachments of biceps brachii

A

long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula -> through intertubercular groove

short head: coracoid process of scapula
(medial to long head)

merge together and attach to radial tuberosity
gives of aponeurosis which joins forearm fascia

44
Q

what motions can biceps brachii do? - how do you test you test it

A

flexion and supination of forearm

rest/stabilise the elbow joint, flexion or supination motion against resistance

45
Q

describe the attachments of brachialis

A

middle of humerus shaft

ulnar tuberosity

46
Q

what motion can brachialis do?

A

flexion of forearm

47
Q

what is the relation of brachialis to cubical fossa?

A

is the floor of cubical fossa

48
Q

describe the attachments of coracobracialis

A

coracoid process of scapula

middle of medial aspect of humerus

49
Q

what motion can coracobrachialis do?

A

flexion

adduction of humerus

50
Q

what nerve other than musculocutaneous nerve innervates brachialis?

A

radial nerve

51
Q

describe the attachments of triceps brachii (posterior compartment of arm)

A

infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head)
posterior surface of humerus inferior (medial head) and superior(lateral head) to radial groove

olecranon of ulna

52
Q

what motions can triceps brachii do? - how do you test it

A

extension of forearm

extend forearm, against resistance, rest/stabilise elbow joint

53
Q

what nerve innervates triceps brachii?

A

radial nerve

triceps reflex

54
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of forearm?

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

55
Q

describe the attachments of pronator teres

A

medial epicondyle of humerus
coronoid process of ulna
pronator tuberosity on lateral aspect of radius

56
Q

what nerve innervates pronator teres?

A

median nerve

57
Q

what motions can pronator teres do?

A

pronation of radius about ulna

58
Q

describe the attachments of flexor carpi radialis

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

base of 2nd 3rd metacarpels

59
Q

what motions do flexor carpi radialis do?

A

flexion

radial deviation of wrist

60
Q

what nerve innervates flexor carpi radialis?

A

median nerve

61
Q

describe the attachments of palmaris longus

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

flexor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis

62
Q

what motions can palmaris longus do?

A

assists flexion of wrist

63
Q

what nerve innervates palmaris longus?

A

median nerve

64
Q

describe the attachments of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)

pisiform, hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

65
Q

what nerve innervates flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

ulnar nerve

66
Q

what motions can flexor carpi ulnaris do?

A

flexion

ulnar deviation of wrist

67
Q

how do you test the superficial flexors of anterior forearm?

A

flex elbow -> pronate -> flex wrist against resistance

rest/stabilise forearm

68
Q

describe the attachments of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

common flexor tendon & ulna

intermediate phalanges

69
Q

what motions can flexor digitorum superficialis do? - how do you test it

A

flexion of wrist, 4 metacarpophalangeal joint, 4 proximal interphalangeal joint

stabilise proximal phalanx
flex phalanx at proximal interphalangeal joint against resistance

70
Q

what nerve innervates flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

median nerve

71
Q

what are the deep anterior compartment muscles of forearm?

A

flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus

72
Q

describe the attachments of flexor pollicis longus

A

radius shaft

base of distal phalanx of thumb

73
Q

what motions can flexor pollicis longus do?

A

flexion of thumb interphalangeal joint

74
Q

what nerve innervates flexor pollicis longus?

A

median nerve

75
Q

describe the attachments of flexor digitorum profundus

A

ulna

distal phalanges of 4 digits

76
Q

what motions can flexor digitorum profundus do?

A

flexion of distal interphalangeal joint, metacarpophalangeal joint, wrist

77
Q

what nerves innervate flexor digitorum profundus?

A

median nerve - middle & index finger

ulnar nerve - little & ring finger

78
Q

describe the relationship between flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis

A

profundus more deep than superficialis

but distally, crosses over = camper’s chias season

79
Q

describe the attachments of pronator quadratus

A

distal ulnar shaft

adjacent side on radius shaft

80
Q

what nerve innervates pronator quadratus?

A

median nerve

81
Q

what motions can pronator quadratus do? - how do you test it

A

pronation of radius

rest elbow, pronate against resistance

82
Q

what are the superficial muscles of posterior compartment of forearm?
nerve
motion

A 
brachioradialis - flexion of wrist
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
anconeus - lateral epicondyle of humerus  olecranon  posterior ulna

radial nerve
extension of wrist

83
Q

what are the deep muscles of posterior compartment of forearm?
nerve
motion

A 
supination - supination
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis

radial nerve
extension of fingers

84
Q

how do you test muscles of posterior compartment of forearm?

A

flat hand & extend wrist against resistance

flat wrist & extend fingers against resistance p

85
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

nerve

A 
interossei - ulnar nerve 
lumbricals - index/middle median nerve, ring/little ulnar nerve
thenar - median nerve
hypothenar - ulnar nerve
adductor pollicis - ulnar nerve
86
Q

describe the attachments of interossei.
motion
how do you test it

A

between metacarpal bones

palmar interossei: proximally in middle finger -> adduct digits in relation to middle line - paper in between and stop paper from pulling out
dorsal interossei: distal end in middle finger -> abduct digits in relation to middle line - spread fingers against resistance

87
Q

attachments of lumbricals
motion

what happens with ulnar neuropathy?

A

flex at metacarpophalangeal joint
extend at interphalangeal joint

paralysis of ring/little lumbricals -> hyperextension at metacarpophalangeal & hyperflexion at interphalangeal = ulnar claw

88
Q

what are the muscles of thenar and hypothenar?

how do you test?

A

thenar: flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponents pollicis
hypothenar: abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponents digiti minimi

little finger to thumb, try to break the connection

89
Q

5 parts of brachial plexus (C5,6,7,8,T1)

A 
roots
trunks
divisions
cords
branches
90
Q

formation of branches

A

C5+6 = superior trunk, C7 = middle trunk, C8+T1 = inferior trunk
posterior & anterior divisions
superior & middle anterior = lateral cord, posterior cord, inferior anterior = medial cord
5 branches -> musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar nerve

91
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5,6,7 lateral cord
coracobrachialis, brachialis, biceps brachii
flexion of forearm against resistance

92
Q

axillary nerve

A

C5,6 posterior cord
teres minor, deltoid muscle
abduct arm against resistance

93
Q

radial nerve

A

C5,6,7,8, T1 posterior cord
posterior compartment of arm, posterolateral aspect of hand
extension of forearm, wrist, metacarpophalangeal joint against resistance

94
Q

median nerve

A

C6,7,8,T1 lateral and medial cords
flexors of forearm, thenar, 2 lateral lumbricals
flexion of wrist, wrist abduction, flexion of fingers at proximal interphalangeal joint against resistance

95
Q

ulnar nerve

A

C8,T1 posterior cord
flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, muscles of hand
adduction or abduction of fingers, flexion and ulnar deviation of wrist

96
Q

2 reflexes

A

biceps brachii tendon: within cubital fossa, thumb on tendon, flexion
triceps brachii tendon: just superior to olecranon process, extension

support arm and elbow

97
Q

what artery can be damaged in case numeral fracture?

A

anterior and posterior numeral circumflex arteries from axillary artery
wrap around surgical neck of humerus

98
Q

what is Allen test?

A

determine whether it is safe to take blood

clench fist for 30secs -> occlude both ulnar and radial artery and wrist -> open hand -> release ulnar artery -> measure time taken for hand to flush back to normal colour
= determine blood flow of ulnar artery

99
Q

what are the superficial veins

A

cephalic vein: through anatomical snuff box, radial side, joins axillary vein
basilic vein: ulnar side, joins brachial vein

two connected by median cubital vein at elbow

100
Q

axilla

A

pectoralis major & minor
thoracic wall, seratus anterior
teres major, latissimus dorsi, subscapularis
intertubercular sulcus

axillary artery & vein, axillary lymph nodes
brachial plexus
tendon of short head of biceps brachii
tendon of coracobrachialis

101
Q

cubital fossa

A 
brachioradialis
pronator teres
between epicondyle of humerus
floor by brachialis
roof by bicipital aponeurosis

lateral to medial: radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

102
Q

carpal tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum - scaphoid, pisiform, trapezium, hamate
flexor digitorum profundus & superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, median nerve

carpal tunnel syndrome: swelling of tendon -> compression on median nerve

103
Q

anatomical snuffbox

A

extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
styloid process of radius
scaphoid, trapezium

radial nerve, radial artery, cephalic vein

오스피 (6 decks)

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