limbs l Flashcards

1
Q

what are the superficial muscles of pelvic girdle?

A

gluteus maximums
gluteus mediums
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae

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2
Q

describe the origin and insertion of gluteus maximus.
nerve
motions

A

sacrum,ilium,thoracolumbar fascia,sacrotuberous ligament gluteal tuberosity of femur,iliotibial tract
inferior gluteus nerve
extensor of thigh, lateral rotation

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3
Q

describe the origin and insertion of gluteus medium and gluteus minimus.
nerve
motions

A

gluteus surface of ilium greater trochanter
superior gluteal nerve
abduction of thigh, medial rotation
stabilising of pelvis

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4
Q

how do you test gluteal muscle function?

A

abduct thigh against resistance while sitting on the edge of bed

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5
Q

how does weakness of hip abductors arise?

how is it observed?

A

damage to superior gluteal nerve

Trendelenburg sign - drop of hip opposite to the affected side when standing on affected leg

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6
Q

describe the origin and insertion of tensor fascia latae.
nerve
motions

A

anterior superior iliac spine iliotibial tract
superior gluteal nerve
abduction of thigh, medial rotation

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7
Q

what are the deep muscles of pelvic girdle?

motion

A
piriformis
superior gemellus
obturator interns
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris

lateral rotation, weakly abduct thigh

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8
Q

what are muscles of anterior compartment of thigh?

nerve

A

iliopsoas
satorius
pectineus
quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis/intermedius/medialis)

femoral nerve

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9
Q

describe the origin and insertion of iliopsoas.

motions

A

psoas major + iliacus lesser trochanter

flexion of thigh, lateral rotation

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10
Q

describe the origin and insertion of satorius.

motions

A

anterior superior iliac spine medial surface of tibia
flexion, lateral rotation, weak abduction of thigh
medial rotation of leg when knee joint flexed

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11
Q

describe the origin and insertion of pectineus.

motions

A

anterior surface of pelvic bone inferior to lesser trochanter
adduction, flexion of thigh

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12
Q

describe the origin and insertion of quadriceps.

motions

A

merge to form quadriceps femoris tendon -> patellar ligament -> tuberosity of tibia
flexion of thigh
extension of leg

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13
Q

how do you test quadriceps?

A

extend leg against resistance while sitting

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14
Q

what are the muscles in the medial compartment of thigh?
nerve
artery

A

gracilis
obturator externus
adductor longus, brevis, magnus

obturator nerve
obturator artery

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15
Q

describe the origin and insertion of gracilis.

motions

A

inferior ramus of pubis medial surface of tibia
adduction of thigh
flexion of leg

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16
Q

describe the origin and insertion of obturator externus.

motions

A

obturator foramen greater trochanter

adduction, lateral rotation of thigh

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17
Q

describe the origin and insertion of adductor longus and brevis.
motions

A

pubis linda aspera

adductor

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18
Q

motions of adductor magnus & nerve

A

adduction of thigh (obturator nerve)

hamstring part - flexion or extension (sciatic nerve)

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19
Q

how do you test hip adductors?

A

adduct against resistance while sitting

20
Q

what are the muscles of posterior compartment of thigh?

motion

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
=> hamstrings

extension of thigh
flexion of leg
when knee flexed, biceps femoris laterally rotate leg
semi— medially rotates leg

21
Q

describe the origin and insertion of biceps femoris

A

long head: ischial tuberosity
short head: linea aspera
head of fibula

22
Q

describe the origin and insertion of semitendinosus.

A

ischial tuberosity medial surface of tibia

23
Q

describe the origin and insertion of semimembranosus.

A

ischial tuberosity medial condyle of tibia

24
Q

how do you test muscles of posterior compartment of thigh?

A

extend thigh against resistance while lying on the front

25
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of leg?
nerve, artery
motion

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus
deep fibulae nerve, anterior tibial artery
dorsi flexion, invertion of foot

26
Q

describe the origin and insertion of tibialis anterior.

A

lateral side of tibia -> plantar side of medial cuneiform -> base of 1st metatarsal bone

27
Q

describe the origin and insertion of extensor digitorum longus.

A

lateral tibial condyle & medial surface of fibula distal & intermediate phalanges

28
Q

describe the origin and insertion of extensor hallucis longus.

A

medial side of fibula & interosseus membrane distal phalanx of hallux

29
Q

how do you test muscle of anterior compartment of leg?

A

dorsiflexion & extension of toes while lying down (toes to ceiling)

30
Q

what are the muscles of posterior compartment of leg?

nerve

A

superficial: plantaris, gastrocnemius, soleus
deep: popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum/hallucis longus
tibial nerve

31
Q

describe the origin and insertion of gastrocnemius.

motion

A

femoral condyles calcaneal tendon

plantar flexion of foot, flexion of leg

32
Q

describe the origin and insertion of plantaris.

motion

A

femur calcaneal tendon

plantar flexion of foot

33
Q

describe the origin and insertion of soleus

motion

A

fibula head & medial aspect of tibia calcaneal tendon

plantar flexion of foot

34
Q

how do you test superficial muscles of posterior compartment of leg?

A

toes away from body (tiptoe motion)

35
Q

what are the motions of deep muscles of posterior compartment of leg?

A

popliteus: rotate femur on tibia
tibialis posterior: invertion, plantar flexion of foot
flexor digitorum/hallucis longus: flexion of toes

36
Q

what are the muscles of lateral compartment of leg?
nerve
motion

A

fibularis longus/brevis
perineal nerve
eversion of foot
fibularis longus also plantar flexion

37
Q

sciatic nerve tract
muscles
test

A

inferior to piriformis
midway between PSIS & ischial tuberosity and ischial tuberosity & greater trochanter -> popliteal fossa

hamstrings + hamstring part of adductor magnus

flex knee against resistance

38
Q

gluteal nerve tract
muscles
test

A

superior and inferior to piriformis

superior: medium, minimus, tensor fascia latae -> Trendelenburg gait
inferior: magnus

abduct thigh against resistance

39
Q

femoral nerve tract
muscles
test

A

lateral to psoas major -> femoral triangle

  • > superficial + deep branch -> quadriceps
  • > saphenous branch -> sensory to anterior medial thigh & medial leg & medial foot

extend leg against resistance

40
Q

obturator nerve tract
muscles
test

A

obturator canal

  • > anterior branch -> adductor longus, brevis, gracilis
  • > posterior branch -> adductor magnus, obturator externus

adduct both thighs against resistance

41
Q

superficial peroneal nerve tract
muscles
test

A

common fibular nerve -> medial to popliteal fossa
fibularis longus & brevis
sensory to anterolateral leg & dorsal of foot

evert foot against resistance

42
Q

deep peroneal nerve tract
muscles
test

A

common fibular nerve -> medial to superficial peroneal nerve
extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion against resistance

43
Q

2 reflexes

A

biceps tendon - patellar tendon -> sitting -> extend leg

achilles’ tendon -> on the knee with sole facing you -> dorsiflexion

44
Q

what makes reflexes have greater effect

A

Jendrassik manoeuvre

clench teeth & interlock flexed fingers

45
Q

gluteal safe area

A

minimise damage to sciatic nerve

heel of hand = greater trochanter
index finger = ASIS
3 other fingers = posterior to iliac crest

inject within V shape

46
Q

femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament, satorius, adductor longus

lateral to medial: femoral nerve, artery, vein, canal, lymphatics
long saphenous vein drain into femoral vein

empty space in femoral canal to allow distension of femoral vein

47
Q

popliteal fossa

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus & semimembranosus
gastrocnemius, plantaris

lateral to medial: common fibular nerve, tibial nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery
small saphenous vein enters