limbs l

Question 1

what are the superficial muscles of pelvic girdle?

Answer 1

gluteus maximums
gluteus mediums
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae

Question 2

describe the origin and insertion of gluteus maximus.
nerve
motions

Answer 2

sacrum,ilium,thoracolumbar fascia,sacrotuberous ligament gluteal tuberosity of femur,iliotibial tract
inferior gluteus nerve
extensor of thigh, lateral rotation

Question 3

describe the origin and insertion of gluteus medium and gluteus minimus.
nerve
motions

Answer 3

gluteus surface of ilium greater trochanter
superior gluteal nerve
abduction of thigh, medial rotation
stabilising of pelvis

Question 4

how do you test gluteal muscle function?

Answer 4

abduct thigh against resistance while sitting on the edge of bed

Question 5

how does weakness of hip abductors arise?

how is it observed?

Answer 5

damage to superior gluteal nerve

Trendelenburg sign - drop of hip opposite to the affected side when standing on affected leg

Question 6

describe the origin and insertion of tensor fascia latae.
nerve
motions

Answer 6

anterior superior iliac spine iliotibial tract
superior gluteal nerve
abduction of thigh, medial rotation

Question 7

what are the deep muscles of pelvic girdle?

motion

Answer 7

piriformis
superior gemellus
obturator interns
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris

lateral rotation, weakly abduct thigh

Question 8

what are muscles of anterior compartment of thigh?

nerve

Answer 8

iliopsoas
satorius
pectineus
quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis/intermedius/medialis)

femoral nerve

Question 9

describe the origin and insertion of iliopsoas.

motions

Answer 9

psoas major + iliacus lesser trochanter

flexion of thigh, lateral rotation

Question 10

describe the origin and insertion of satorius.

motions

Answer 10

anterior superior iliac spine medial surface of tibia
flexion, lateral rotation, weak abduction of thigh
medial rotation of leg when knee joint flexed

Question 11

describe the origin and insertion of pectineus.

motions

Answer 11

anterior surface of pelvic bone inferior to lesser trochanter
adduction, flexion of thigh

Question 12

describe the origin and insertion of quadriceps.

motions

Answer 12

merge to form quadriceps femoris tendon -> patellar ligament -> tuberosity of tibia
flexion of thigh
extension of leg

Question 13

how do you test quadriceps?

Answer 13

extend leg against resistance while sitting

Question 14

what are the muscles in the medial compartment of thigh?
nerve
artery

Answer 14

gracilis
obturator externus
adductor longus, brevis, magnus

obturator nerve
obturator artery

Question 15

describe the origin and insertion of gracilis.

motions

Answer 15

inferior ramus of pubis medial surface of tibia
adduction of thigh
flexion of leg

Question 16

describe the origin and insertion of obturator externus.

motions

Answer 16

obturator foramen greater trochanter

adduction, lateral rotation of thigh

Question 17

describe the origin and insertion of adductor longus and brevis.
motions

Answer 17

pubis linda aspera

adductor

Question 18

motions of adductor magnus & nerve

Answer 18

adduction of thigh (obturator nerve)

hamstring part - flexion or extension (sciatic nerve)

Question 19

how do you test hip adductors?

Answer 19

adduct against resistance while sitting

Question 20

what are the muscles of posterior compartment of thigh?

motion

Answer 20

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
=> hamstrings

extension of thigh
flexion of leg
when knee flexed, biceps femoris laterally rotate leg
semi— medially rotates leg

Question 21

describe the origin and insertion of biceps femoris

Answer 21

long head: ischial tuberosity
short head: linea aspera
head of fibula

Question 22

describe the origin and insertion of semitendinosus.

Answer 22

ischial tuberosity medial surface of tibia

Question 23

describe the origin and insertion of semimembranosus.

Answer 23

ischial tuberosity medial condyle of tibia

Question 24

how do you test muscles of posterior compartment of thigh?

Answer 24

extend thigh against resistance while lying on the front

Question 25

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of leg? nerve, artery motion

Answer 25

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus deep fibulae nerve, anterior tibial artery dorsi flexion, invertion of foot

Question 26

describe the origin and insertion of tibialis anterior.

Answer 26

lateral side of tibia -> plantar side of medial cuneiform -> base of 1st metatarsal bone

Question 27

describe the origin and insertion of extensor digitorum longus.

Answer 27

lateral tibial condyle & medial surface of fibula distal & intermediate phalanges

Question 28

describe the origin and insertion of extensor hallucis longus.

Answer 28

medial side of fibula & interosseus membrane distal phalanx of hallux

Question 29

how do you test muscle of anterior compartment of leg?

Answer 29

dorsiflexion & extension of toes while lying down (toes to ceiling)

Question 30

what are the muscles of posterior compartment of leg? | nerve

Answer 30

superficial: plantaris, gastrocnemius, soleus deep: popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum/hallucis longus tibial nerve

Question 31

describe the origin and insertion of gastrocnemius. | motion

Answer 31

femoral condyles calcaneal tendon | plantar flexion of foot, flexion of leg

Question 32

describe the origin and insertion of plantaris. | motion

Answer 32

femur calcaneal tendon | plantar flexion of foot

Question 33

describe the origin and insertion of soleus | motion

Answer 33

fibula head & medial aspect of tibia calcaneal tendon | plantar flexion of foot

Question 34

how do you test superficial muscles of posterior compartment of leg?

Answer 34

toes away from body (tiptoe motion)

Question 35

what are the motions of deep muscles of posterior compartment of leg?

Answer 35

popliteus: rotate femur on tibia tibialis posterior: invertion, plantar flexion of foot flexor digitorum/hallucis longus: flexion of toes

Question 36

what are the muscles of lateral compartment of leg? nerve motion

Answer 36

fibularis longus/brevis perineal nerve eversion of foot fibularis longus also plantar flexion

Question 37

sciatic nerve tract muscles test

Answer 37

inferior to piriformis midway between PSIS & ischial tuberosity and ischial tuberosity & greater trochanter -> popliteal fossa hamstrings + hamstring part of adductor magnus flex knee against resistance

Question 38

gluteal nerve tract muscles test

Answer 38

superior and inferior to piriformis superior: medium, minimus, tensor fascia latae -> Trendelenburg gait inferior: magnus abduct thigh against resistance

Question 39

femoral nerve tract muscles test

Answer 39

lateral to psoas major -> femoral triangle - > superficial + deep branch -> quadriceps - > saphenous branch -> sensory to anterior medial thigh & medial leg & medial foot extend leg against resistance

Question 40

obturator nerve tract muscles test

Answer 40

obturator canal - > anterior branch -> adductor longus, brevis, gracilis - > posterior branch -> adductor magnus, obturator externus adduct both thighs against resistance

Question 41

superficial peroneal nerve tract muscles test

Answer 41

common fibular nerve -> medial to popliteal fossa fibularis longus & brevis sensory to anterolateral leg & dorsal of foot evert foot against resistance

Question 42

deep peroneal nerve tract muscles test

Answer 42

common fibular nerve -> medial to superficial peroneal nerve extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior dorsiflexion against resistance

Question 43

2 reflexes

Answer 43

biceps tendon - patellar tendon -> sitting -> extend leg | achilles’ tendon -> on the knee with sole facing you -> dorsiflexion

Question 44

what makes reflexes have greater effect

Answer 44

Jendrassik manoeuvre | clench teeth & interlock flexed fingers

Question 45

gluteal safe area

Answer 45

minimise damage to sciatic nerve heel of hand = greater trochanter index finger = ASIS 3 other fingers = posterior to iliac crest inject within V shape

Question 46

femoral triangle

Answer 46

inguinal ligament, satorius, adductor longus lateral to medial: femoral nerve, artery, vein, canal, lymphatics long saphenous vein drain into femoral vein empty space in femoral canal to allow distension of femoral vein

Question 47

popliteal fossa

Answer 47

biceps femoris, semitendinosus & semimembranosus gastrocnemius, plantaris lateral to medial: common fibular nerve, tibial nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery small saphenous vein enters