Limbs Revision Flashcards
During a routine examination of the lower limb, a patient was asked to stand on one leg while the doctor carefully checks for dropping of the pelvis on the unsupported side (Trendelenberg’s sign). Which of these muscles is part of the group of muscles for which Trendelenberg tests?
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus medius
- Iliopsoas
- Obturator externus
- Tensor fasciae latae
Gluteus medius
A driver of a car involved in a head-on collision suffered a posterior dislocation of the head of the right femur. Which nerve is vulnerable to damage in a posterior dislocation of the head of femur?
- Femoral nerve
- Obturator nerve
- Pudendal nerve
- Saphenous nerve
- Sciatic nerve
Sciatic nerve
Which leg muscle tendon crosses the plantar surface of the foot from the lateral aspect to its distal attachment at the medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal, acting to evert the foot and helping to maintain the transverse arch?
- Peroneus (Fibularis) brevis
- Peroneus (Fibularis) longus
- Peroneus (Fibularis) tertius
- Tibialis anterior
- Tibialis posterior
Peroneus (Fibularis) longus
During an examination of the knee joints, the patient first lies down supine with the hip joints flexed to 45 degrees, the knee joints flexed to 90 degrees, and both feet flat on the examination couch. Then the physiotherapist, while seated in front of the patients flexed knees, grasps the leg just below the knee joint line with both hands and pushes it posteriorly. Which ligament of the knee joint is being tested?
- Anterior cruciate ligament
- Lateral (Fibular) collateral ligament
- Posterior cruciate ligament
- Posterior menisco-femoral ligament
- Medial (Tibial) collateral ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
At what joint(s) does the movement of foot inversion take place?
- Ankle joint
- Inferior tibio-fibular joint
- Metatarsophalangeal joints
- Subtalar joint
- Tarsometatarsal joints
Subtalar joint
Name the largest of the muscles of the gluteal region that attaches at A.
Gluteus medius is the largest
Name the part of the pelvis labelled B.
Body of ischium (ischium would get the mark)
Where is the proximal attachment of the muscle belly labelled A?
The anterior inferior iliac spine
Name the muscle labelled B.
Gracillis muscle (one of the adductor group)
Identify the knee joint structure labelled A.
Lateral meniscus (one of the cartilages of the knee)
Which joint movement is restricted by B?
Adduction (of the leg at the knee)
Which muscle lies deep to the muscle labelled A?
Gluteus minimus muscle
Where is the proximal attachment of the muscle labelled B?
Ischial tuberosity
Which two movements are produced by contraction of the muscle labelled A?
Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
What type of structure is the light coloured band labelled B?
Retinaculum (band of deep fascia found near to joints holding tendons down preventing “bowing”)
Identify the nerve labelled A.
Femoral nerve
The nerves marked with asterisks (*) are part of which structure?
Sacral plexus
If the nerve labelled A was damaged at a level between the labelling a, which movement(s) would be affected?
Plantarflexion and inversion of the foot
Identify the vessel labelled B.
Peroneal (Fibular) artery
From which sturucture does A arise?
The external iliac artery
Which nerve innervates B?
Obturator nerve (B is adductor longus)
Which nerve supplies the structure labelled A?
Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve (A is tibialis anterior muscle)
Identify the vessel labelled B.
The short saphenous vein
Which nerve innervates A?
The femoral nerve (A is sartorius muscle)
When strucure B leaves the knee to enter the leg, it becomes which structure?
Tibial artery (B is the popliteal artery)
Which statement is correct about the structure indicated by the arrow?
* It is the femoral artery and it continues as the popliteal artery
* It is the femoral vein and it drains into the external iliac artery
* It is the femoral nerve and arises from L2-L4 spinal roots
* It is the profunda femoris artery which branches from the femoral artery
* It is the great saphenous vein and drains into the femoral vein via the saphenous opening
It is the femoral artery and it continues as the popliteal artery
This is the femoral artery at the femoral triangle. From lateral to medial the contents of the femoral triangle are femoral nerve, artery, vein and lymph.
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow in this superior view of the right knee.
Lateral meniscus
This is the lateral meniscus of the knee. The lateral meniscus is smaller than the medial meniscus.
The nerve indicated by the arrow originates from which spinal levels?
C8-T1
This is the ulnar nerve and it is formed of nerve fibers from C8 and T1 spinal nerves
What are the muscles indicated by the arrows and what is their function?
* They are the lumbricals, and they extend the interphalangeal joints
* They are the lumbricals, and they flex the interphalangeal joints
* They are the palmar interossei, and they adduct the fingers
* They are the palmar interossei, and they abduct the fingers
* They are the dorsal interossei, and they abduct the fingers
They are the lumbricals, and they extend the interphalangeal joints
These are the lumbricals, and they extend the interphalangeal joints to straighten the fingers and resist the resting tone of the flexor digitorum muscles
Identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Fibularis brevis
OR
Peroneus brevis
This is the fibularis brevis muscle (otherwise known as the peroneus brevis) and it is a muscle in the lateral compartment in the leg. It is innervated by the superficial fibular nerve and it helps to evert the subtalar joint.
