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Phase 1b - Revision > Acland's Cadaveric Pictures > Flashcards

Acland's Cadaveric Pictures Flashcards

1
Q

In this medial view of the right leg, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.

A

Soleus

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2
Q

What is structure 4?

A

Pectoralis major muscle

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3
Q

Fill in the blanks.

Most often, the left and right hepatic ducts join to form the common hepatic duct close to the hilum or porta hepatis of the liver, the common hepatic duct joining the cystic duct to form the [blank] duct within the free edge of the lesser omentum. However, there is much variation in the relative lengths of these biliary ducts. The bile duct passes behind the 1st part of the [blank] and the head of the pancreas to enter the duodenum at the foregut-midgut junction half way down its second part. This entry is usually shared with the main [blank] duct.

A

Most often, the left and right hepatic ducts join to form the common hepatic duct close to the hilum or porta hepatis of the liver, the common hepatic duct joining the cystic duct to form the bile duct within the free edge of the lesser omentum. However, there is much variation in the relative lengths of these biliary ducts. The bile duct passes behind the 1st part of the duodenum and the head of the pancreas to enter the duodenum at the foregut-midgut junction half way down its second part. This entry is usually shared with the main pancreatic duct.

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4
Q

What is structure 20?

A

Splenic artery and splenic plexus

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5
Q

Which artery gives rise to those supplying the region of the stomach indicated by the arrow?

A

Splenic artery

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6
Q

What is structure 13?

A

Left vagus nerve and left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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7
Q

Identify the artery indicated by the arrow.

A

Inferior mesenteric

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8
Q

In this view of the right popliteal fossa, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.

A

Lateral superior genicular

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9
Q

What is structure 17?

A

Left vagus nerve and left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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10
Q

In this anterior view of a deep dissection of the right inguinal region and pelvis, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.

A

Internal iliac

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11
Q

A direct inguinal hernia commonly presents in older males as a bulge on the anterior abdominal wall, above the medial end of the inguinal ligament. This is due to weakening of which inguinal wall structure?

A

Transversalis fascia

  • Transversalis fascia forms the posterior wall which separates the peritoneal cavity and its contents from the inguinal canal in the inguinal triangle region. Weakening of this structure allows bowels to herniate.
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12
Q

Which horizontal plane does the gallbladder lie?

A

Transpyloric Plane

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13
Q

In this inferior view of the liver and the dissected porta hepatis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Portal vein

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14
Q

Identify the structure at the tip of the arrow.

A

Interspinous ligament

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15
Q
A

Intertrochanteric line

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16
Q

What is structure 7?

A

Internal thoracic artery

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17
Q

From which structure is the inguinal ligament is derived?

A

External oblique muscle

  • The inferior margin of the external oblique muscle is aponeurotic and forms a thick fibrous band called inguinal ligament (Poupart ligament). It is attached to the ASIS and pubic tubercle.
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18
Q

What is structure 2?

A

Right pulmonary artery

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19
Q

In this inferior view of the female perineum, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Crus of clitoris

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20
Q
A

Vesico-uterine pouch

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21
Q

What is structure 18?

A

Levator scapulae muscle

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22
Q

In this anterior view of the dissected upper abdomen, in which the stomach and part of the liver has been removed, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Tail of pancreas

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23
Q

What is structure 6?

A

Hepatic veins

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24
Q

What is structure 26?

A

Left phrenic nerve and left peri - cardiacophrenic artery and vein

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25
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Femoral nerve

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26
Q

What is structure 7?

A

Inferior vena cava

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27
Q

In this anterior view looking down into the dissected male pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrows.

A

Ureter

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28
Q

What is the fine white structure indicated by the arrow?

A

Filum terminale

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29
Q

What is structure 15?

A

Left atrium

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30
Q

During an examination of the knee joints, the patient first lies down supine with the hip joints flexed to 45 degrees, the knee joints flexed to 90 degrees, and both feet flat on the examination couch. Then the physiotherapist, while seated in front of the patients flexed knees, grasps the leg just below the knee joint line with both hands and pushes it posteriorly. Which ligament of the knee joint is being tested?

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

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31
Q

Identify the bony feature indicated at the tip of the arrow.

A

Lamina

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32
Q

Which spinal nerves supply the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?

A

T7 - L1

  • T1 - L1 spinal nerves supply the entire anterolateral abdominal wall muscles.
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33
Q

What is structure 22?

A

Medial branches of intercostal arteries

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34
Q
  1. From which sturucture does A arise?
  2. Which nerve innervcates B?
A
  1. The external iliac artery
  2. Obturator nerve (A is adductor longus)
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35
Q

What is structure 20?

A

Rhomboid major and minor muscles

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36
Q

In this anterior view of the contents of the right upper abdomen, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres)

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37
Q

In this view of the plantar surface of the right foot, identify the nerve indicated by the arrow.

A

Medial plantar

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38
Q

What is structure 7?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve

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39
Q

What is structure 2?

A

Subclavian vein

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40
Q

Which important ankle ligament attaches proximally to the bony feature indicated by the arrow?

A

Deltoid / medial ligament

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41
Q

What is structure 28?

A

Left ventricle

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42
Q

What is structure 11?

A

Transverse pericardial sinus (probe)

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43
Q

What is structure 15?

A

Lactiferous sinus

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44
Q

What is structure 13?

A

Scapula

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45
Q

In this posteromedial view of the right foot, identify the muscle whose tendon is indicated by the arrow.

A

Tibialis posterior

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46
Q

What is structure 3?

A

Superior vena cava

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47
Q

What is structure 24?

A

Serratus posterior inferior muscle

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48
Q

In this lateral view of the right hip and thigh, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Gluteus minimus muscle

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49
Q

What structure is indicated by the arrow?

A

Psoas major muscle

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50
Q

In this anterior view of the right hip and femur, what hip flexor muscle has its proximal attachment at the area painted red, as indicated by the arrow?

A

Iliacus

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51
Q

What is structure 8?

A

Right crus of lumbar part of diaphragm

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52
Q
A

Ligamentum teres

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53
Q

In this anterior view of the right inguinal region and pelvis, identify the vein indicated by the arrow.

A

External iliac

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54
Q

What is structure 8?

A

Serratus anterior muscle

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55
Q

In this posterior view of the right thigh, identify the muscle indicated by the arrows.

A

Long head of biceps femoris

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56
Q

You are asked to choose a site for placing a chest drain into a patient with a massive pleural effusion in the left pleural cavity. Where would you place the drain?

A

Midaxillary line in the left 5th intercostal space.

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57
Q

What is structure 15?

A

Central tendon of diaphragm

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58
Q

Where would you auscultate for the tricuspid valve?

A

5th left intercostal space near the sternal border.

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59
Q

What is structure 15?

A

Thoracic aorta and left vagus nerve

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60
Q

What is structure 16?

A

Apical lymph nodes

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61
Q

A patient with a hernial swelling in the abdominopelvic area was asked to lie down supine and relax their abdominal muscles, which caused the swelling to disappear completely. The examining doctor then applied firm pressure with his fingers at a point about 1 cm superior to the midpoint between ASIS and pubic symphysis and asked the patient to cough and strain their abdominal muscles. The swelling failed to reappear whilst the finger pressure was maintained. What type of hernia this patient likely to have?

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

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62
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Right brachiocephalic vein

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63
Q

In this view of the plantar surface of the right foot, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.

A

Abductor hallucis

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64
Q

What is structure 14?

A

Serratus anterior muscle (insertion)

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65
Q

What is structure 22?

A

Teres major muscle

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66
Q

What is structure 14?

A

Left primary bronchus

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67
Q
A

Right triangular ligament

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68
Q

In this lateral view of the isolated testis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Epididymis

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69
Q

What is structure 17?

A

Axillary lymph nodes

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70
Q

What is structure 16?

A

Apical lymph nodes

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71
Q
A

Bladder

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72
Q

What is structure 19?

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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73
Q

What is structure 11?

A

Costal margin

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74
Q

What is structure 6?

A

Left superior intercostal vein

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75
Q

What is structure 6?

A

Ramus communicans of sympathetic trunk

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76
Q

What is structure 19?

A

Lateral thoracic vein

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77
Q

Identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Tubercule

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78
Q

What is structure 11?

A

Costal margin

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79
Q

What is structure 10?

A

Proper hepatic artery and hepatic plexus

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80
Q

What is structure 3?

A

Deltoid muscle

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81
Q

In this internal view of the lateral wall of the pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Obturator artery

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82
Q

What is structure 19?

A

Lateral thoracic vein

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83
Q
A

Great saphenous vein

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84
Q

In this view looking down into the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Mesosalpinx

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85
Q

What muscle attaches at the red and blue lines?

A

External intercostal muscle

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86
Q

On this sagittal MRI of the spine, which pair of spinal nerves would emerge through the intervertebral foramina between the 2 vertebrae indicated?

A

L5

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87
Q
  1. Name the structure indicated by the arrows?
  2. Under which structure does the arrowed structure pass between the forearm and hand?
A
  1. Median nerve
  2. Flexor retinaculum
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88
Q

What is structure 21?

A

Serratus anterior muscle

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89
Q

Fill in the blanks.

As the gut tube lengthens, it can no longer be accommodated within the abdominal cavity so coils of gut with their mesentery move out into the body stalk. As the abdomen grows, these coils are retrieved beginning from the proximal (duodenal) end of the midgut. Some segments of the gut now become adherent to the posterior abdominal wall and lose their mesentery, which fuses with the parietal peritoneum. These parts of the gut are described as having become secondarily retroperitoneal. Parts of the gut that become retroperitoneal in this way are the duodenum, the [blank] and descending parts of the colon. By contrast, the jejunum, ileum, and the transverse and [blank] parts of the colon retain their mesenteries.

A

As the gut tube lengthens, it can no longer be accommodated within the abdominal cavity so coils of gut with their mesentery move out into the body stalk. As the abdomen grows, these coils are retrieved beginning from the proximal (duodenal) end of the midgut. Some segments of the gut now become adherent to the posterior abdominal wall and lose their mesentery, which fuses with the parietal peritoneum. These parts of the gut are described as having become secondarily retroperitoneal. Parts of the gut that become retroperitoneal in this way are the duodenum, the ascending and descending parts of the colon. By contrast, the jejunum, ileum, and the transverse and sigmoid parts of the colon retain their mesenteries.

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90
Q

In life, the structure at the tip of the arrow can herniate and injure spinal nerve roots posterior to it, causing a burning sensation and/or muscle weakness in the patient’s leg. Identify the structure.

A

Nucleus pulposus

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91
Q

What is structure 12?

A

Pectoral fascia

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92
Q

In this medial view of the plantar side of the right foot, identify the muscle whose tendon is tendon indicated by the arrow.

A

Flexor digitorum longus

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93
Q

In this medial view of the right pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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94
Q

In this medial view of the right pelvis, identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Ischial spine

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95
Q

What is structure 27?

A

Inferior cluneal nerves

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96
Q

What is structure 13?

A

Anus

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97
Q

What is structure 21?

A

Transversus abdominis muscle

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98
Q
A

Hepatic artery proper

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99
Q

What is structure 9?

A

Superior vena cava and thymic vein

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100
Q

What is structure 16?

A

Diaphragm

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101
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Transverse mesocolon

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102
Q
A

Axillary nerve

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103
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrows.

A

Tendinous arch of levator ani

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104
Q

On this posterior view of the cervical spinal cord, what are the structures indicated by the arrows?

A

Dorsal rootlets

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105
Q

When assessing the function of muscles moving the fingers, the patient was asked to flex a finger while holding the other fingers fully extended. Which muscle was being tested?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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106
Q

In this view of the right popliteal fossa, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Tibial nerve

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107
Q

In this lateral view of the proximal end of the right tibia, identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Tibial tuberosity (tubercle)

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108
Q

What is structure 2?

A

Left splenius capitis muscle (cut and reflected)

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109
Q

What is structure 9?

A

Areola

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110
Q
A

Dorsal nerve of penis

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111
Q

What is structure 19?

A

Latissimus dorsi muscle

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112
Q

In this laparoscopic view looking down into the right female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Ovary

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113
Q

What is structure 4?

A

Clavicle (divided)

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114
Q

What is structure 9?

A

Medial arcuate ligament

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115
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Falciform ligament

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116
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Piriformis muscle

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117
Q

What is structure 2?

A

Right atrium

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118
Q

What is structure 11?

A

Brachial plexus

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119
Q

In this view looking down into the left side of the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

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120
Q
A

Left kidney

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121
Q

What is structure 10?

A

Apex of heart with pericardium

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122
Q
A

L1

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123
Q
A

Pubic tubercle

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124
Q
A

Linea alba

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125
Q

What is structure 27?

A

Upper lobe of left lung

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126
Q

What is structure 20?

A

Lymph vessels

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127
Q

In this anterior view of abdominal contents, identify the vessel indicated by the arrow.

A

Arterial arcade

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128
Q

In this view of the plantar side of the right foot, identify the muscle whose tendon is indicated by the arrows.

A

Flexor digitorum brevis

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129
Q

Fill in the blanks.

The liver occupies most of the upper right part of the peritoneal cavity, filling the space between the diaphragm and the right [blank] margin and tapering like a wedge from its thick right margin to its left extremity near the plane of the left mid- clavicular line. It is mainly suspended in the ventral foregut mesentery, separating this mesentery’s two parts; the [blank] ligament and the lesser omentum. However, part of its convex diaphragmatic surface has a direct contact with the diaphragm and is called the [blank] area of the liver. The [blank] surface of the liver reveals two small lobes separated from the left lobe by the grooves containing ligaments that are remnants of fetal vessels; the ligamentum teres from the umbilical vein and the ligamentum [blank], an embryological remnant the ductus venosus. They are separated from the right lobe by the groove occupied by the gall bladder and that occupied by the inferior vena cava. Functionally the small quadrate and [blank] lobes of the liver are part of the left lobe, because they are supplied by the left branch of the hepatic artery and drained by the left hepatic duct.

A

The liver occupies most of the upper right part of the peritoneal cavity, filling the space between the diaphragm and the right costal margin and tapering like a wedge from its thick right margin to its left extremity near the plane of the left mid- clavicular line. It is mainly suspended in the ventral foregut mesentery, separating this mesentery’s two parts; the falciform ligament and the lesser omentum. However, part of its convex diaphragmatic surface has a direct contact with the diaphragm and is called the diaphragmatic area of the liver. The visceral surface of the liver reveals two small lobes separated from the left lobe by the grooves containing ligaments that are remnants of fetal vessels; the ligamentum teres from the umbilical vein and the ligamentum venosum, an embryological remnant the ductus venosus. They are separated from the right lobe by the groove occupied by the gall bladder and that occupied by the inferior vena cava. Functionally the small quadrate and caudate lobes of the liver are part of the left lobe, because they are supplied by the left branch of the hepatic artery and drained by the left hepatic duct.

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130
Q

In this anteromedial view of the right pelvis and thigh, identify the nerve indicated by the arrow.

A

Femoral

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131
Q

In this view of the plantar surface of the right foot, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.

A

Quadratus plantae

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132
Q

What is structure 8?

A

Pulmonary veins

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133
Q

What is structure 23?

A

Iliocostalis thoracis muscle

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134
Q
A

Ovarian ligament

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135
Q

What is structure 11?

A

Costal margin

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136
Q

In this anterior view of the right ankle joint, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

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137
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Splenic artery

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138
Q

A positive Trendelenberg test result indicates weakness of which muscle group in the lower limb?

A

Abductors of the hip joint on the stance side.

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139
Q

In this close-up view of the dissected porta hepatis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Cystic duct

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140
Q

In this lateral view of a partially sectioned knee joint, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

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141
Q

What is structure 7?

A

Esophagus

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142
Q
A

Corpus spongiosum of penis

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143
Q

What is structure 3?

A

Deltoid muscle

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144
Q

What is structure 12?

A

Pectoral fascia

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145
Q

In this posterior view of a deep dissection of the gluteal region, identify the nerve indicated by the arrow.

A

Superior gluteal

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146
Q

What is structure 9?

A

Esophageal plexus (branches derived from left vagus nerve)

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147
Q

What is structure 14?

A

Right phrenic nerve

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148
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Dura mater

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149
Q

What is structure 1?

A

Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis muscle

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150
Q

What is structure 4?

A

Pulmonary artery

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151
Q
  1. Which two movements are produced by contraction of the muscle labelled A?
  2. What type of structure is the light coloured band labelled B?
A
  1. Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
  2. Retinaculum (band of deep fascia found near to joints holding tendons down preventing “bowing”)
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152
Q

Osteophytes (bone spurs) can reduce the size of the indicated opening and injure the spinal nerve that passes through it. Identify the opening.

A

Intervertebral foramen

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153
Q
  1. Name the largest of the muscles of the gluteal region that attaches at A
  2. Name the part of the pelvis labelled B
A
  1. Gluteus medius is the largest
  2. Body of ischium (ischium would get the mark)
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154
Q

What membrane is indicated by the arrow?

A

Visceral pleura

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155
Q

In this anteromedial view of the right pelvis and thigh, identify the nerve indicated by the arrow.

A

Obturator

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156
Q

Which nerve is responsible for finger extension?

A

Radial

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157
Q
A

Patella

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158
Q

Identify the artery indicated by the arrow.

A

Gonadal

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159
Q

What is structure 21?

A

Pulmonary vein

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160
Q
A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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161
Q

In this anterior view of the heart in situ, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Parietal serous pericardium

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162
Q

What is structure 16?

A

Esophagus

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163
Q

In this anterior view of the contents of the abdomen, the greater omentum and transverse colon have been reflected superiorly. Identify the artery indicated by the arrow.

A

Middle colic

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164
Q

What is structure 18?

A

Intercostobrachial nerve

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165
Q

What is structure 7?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve

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166
Q

What is structure 23?

A

Upper margin of pericardial sac

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167
Q
A

L5 & S1

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168
Q

In this anterior view of the right leg and foot, identify the muscle whose tendon is indicated by the arrow.

A

Extensor hallucis longus

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169
Q

What is structure 20?

A

Thoracic aorta

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170
Q

Which is the best auscultation site for the middle lobe of the lung in a female patient?

A

Right midaxillary line just below the axilla.

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171
Q

What structure is indicated by the arrow?

A

Dens / Odontoid process

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172
Q

In this anterior view of the contents of the upper abdomen, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Left triangular ligament

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173
Q
A

Terminal part of ileum

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174
Q

In this view of the right foot and ankle, what action is being demonstrated?

A

Eversion

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175
Q

What is structure 3?

A

Trapezius muscle

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176
Q

What is structure 17?

A

Superior vena cava

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177
Q

What is structure 23?

A

Pectoralis minor muscle

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178
Q

In this anterior view of the right knee joint, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Fibular collateral ligament

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179
Q

What is structure 20?

A

Diaphragm

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180
Q

What is structure 19?

A

Deltoid muscle

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181
Q

What structure is indicated by the arrow?

A

Linea semilunaris

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182
Q

What is structure 21?

A

Serratus anterior muscle

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183
Q

What is structure 9?

A

Posterior intercostal vein

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184
Q

What is structure 16?

A

Iliocostalis thoracis muscle

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185
Q

The vessel indicated by the arrow is a direct branch from which blood vessel?

A

Coeliac trunk

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186
Q

What is structure 11?

A

Iliac crest

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187
Q

What is structure 8?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk and right brachiocephalic vein

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188
Q

Which nerve innervates the superficial back muscle indicated by the arrow?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

  • Provides innervation to latissimus dorsi muscle
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189
Q

What is structure 23?

A

Pectoralis minor muscle

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190
Q

What is structure 5?

A

Deltopectoral groove and cephalic vein

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191
Q

What is structure 7?

A

Left atrium with pericardium

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192
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Ischial spine

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193
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow

A

Posterior fornix

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194
Q

What is structure 1?

A

Right vagus nerve

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195
Q

What is structure 22?

A

Esophagus (thoracic part)

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196
Q

In this view of structures on the posterior abdominal wall, identify the vessel indicated by the arrow.

A

Left renal vein

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197
Q

Which of the following conditions would cause a deviation of the trachea to the left side of the midsternal line?

  • Left pleural effusion
  • Right pneumonectomy
  • Right upper lobe collapse
  • Left lower lobe fibrosis
  • Left sided tension pneumothorax
A

Left lower lobe fibrosis

  • Fibrosed lung tissue undergoes contraction and drags the major bronchi and the trachea towards the side of the diseased lung.
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198
Q
A

Fovea of the femoral head

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199
Q
A

Aponeurosis of internal oblique

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200
Q

In this anterior view of a deep dissection of the right thigh, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.

A

Medial circumflex femoral

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201
Q

What is structure 3?

A

Vagus nerve and internal jugular vein

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202
Q

In this anterior view of the right kidney, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Ureter

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203
Q

In this posterior view of the underside of the right foot, identify the structure that is indicated by the arrow.

A

Plantar aponeurosis

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204
Q

What is structure 13?

A

Mammary gland

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205
Q

What is structure 13?

A

Middle lobe of right lung

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206
Q

In this cross section of the penis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Corpus spongiosum

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207
Q

You are performing an abdominal examination, on palpation the patient has a hard rigid abdomen, which does not move with respiration across all 9 regions of the abdomen.

Which of the following is the most likely cause?

  • Cholecystitis
  • Peritonitis
  • Peptic ulcer disease
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Voluntary guarding due to nerves
A

Peritonitis

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208
Q

What is structure 2?

A

Clavicle

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209
Q
A

Fundus of the uterus

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210
Q
A

Jejunal vein

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211
Q

What is structure 7?

A

Medial mammarian branches of intercostal nerves

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212
Q
  1. Where is the proximal attachment of the muscle belly labelled A?
  2. Name the muscle labelled B
A
  1. The anterior inferior iliac spine.
  2. Gracillis muscle (one of the adductor group)
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213
Q

What is structure 1?

A

Platysma muscle

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214
Q

During a cardiovascular examination you were able palpate parasternal heaves along the left sternal border. What cardiac condition causes palpable heaves?

A

Cardiomegaly

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215
Q
A

Sartorius muscle

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216
Q

What is structure 17?

A

Internal jugular vein

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217
Q

What is structure 8?

A

Left phrenic nerve and pericardiacophrenic artery and vein

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218
Q

In this medial view of the skeleton of the right ankle and foot, identify the bone indicated by the arrow.

A

Navicular

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219
Q
A

Caecum

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220
Q

In this posterior view of the right knee, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.

A

Popliteus

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221
Q

What is structure 7?

A

Medial mammarian branches of intercostal nerves

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222
Q

Which of the following signs would point towards a upper motor neuron lesion?

  • Hypotonia
  • Hyperreflexia
  • Fasciculations
  • Muscle atrophy
A

Hyperreflexia

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223
Q

What is structure 2?

A

Splenius capitis muscle

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224
Q

In this anterior view of the contents of the lower abdomen and pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Sigmoid mesocolon

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225
Q

What is structure 12?

A

Inferior cervical cardiac nerves

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226
Q

You were assessing the vocal resonance of a patient by auscultating over different areas of the anterior chest wall whilst the patient was repeating the words ninety-nine. There was increased vocal resonance over the right upper lobe compared to the rest of the lung. What would be cause of this?

A

Consolidation of the right upper lobe

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227
Q

What is structure 5?

A

Fossa ovalis

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228
Q

What is structure 2?

A

Clavicle

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229
Q

In this view of the structures on the posterior abdominal wall, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.

A

Left colic

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230
Q

What is structure 4?

A

Pectoralis major muscle

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231
Q

Fill in the blanks.

The abdomen is wider than it is deep, so rapid growth of the liver results in the liver moving to the right and the spleen to the left. The effect of this is that a part of the peritoneal cavity (the bit originally to the right of the dorsal and ventral foregut mesenteries) becomes trapped posterior to the liver and the stomach. This semi-isolated pocket of the peritoneal cavity is called the [blank] [blank] or the lesser sac. It is clinically important as it contains important structures (including the pancreas, much of the left kidney, left suprarenal gland and the posterior surfaces of the liver and abdominal [blank] that cannot be seen from the main part of the peritoneal cavity. However, it can be found by passing a finger below the free lower border of the lesser omentum through the narrow omental or [blank] foramen (otherwise known as the entry to the lesser sac).

A

The abdomen is wider than it is deep, so rapid growth of the liver results in the liver moving to the right and the spleen to the left. The effect of this is that a part of the peritoneal cavity (the bit originally to the right of the dorsal and ventral foregut mesenteries) becomes trapped posterior to the liver and the stomach. This semi-isolated pocket of the peritoneal cavity is called the omental bursa or the lesser sac. It is clinically important as it contains important structures (including the pancreas, much of the left kidney, left suprarenal gland and the posterior surfaces of the liver and abdominal aorta that cannot be seen from the main part of the peritoneal cavity. However, it can be found by passing a finger below the free lower border of the lesser omentum through the narrow omental or epiploic foramen (otherwise known as the entry to the lesser sac).

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232
Q

What is structure 28?

A

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

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233
Q

In this lateral view of the right leg just below the knee, identify the muscle that is supplied by the nerve indicated by the arrow.

A

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

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234
Q

In this anterior view of the contents of the abdomen, the greater omentum and transverse colon have been reflected superiorly. Identify the vessel indicated by the arrow.

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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235
Q

What is structure 6?

A

Subclavian vein

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236
Q

What is the vertebral level of transpyloric plane?

A

Lumbar vertebra 1

  • The transpyloric plane which passess through the pylorus of the stomach and it is at the L1 vertebral level.
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237
Q

Identify the opening at the tip of the arrow.

A

Transverse foramen

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238
Q

In which joint do you check for clonus?

A

Ankle

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239
Q

A patient presents with severe loin pain, haematuria and on palpation the patient has pain in the flank region on palpation of the left kidney.

You think the patient has a urinary tract stone, which of the following locations is NOT a location where urinary tract stones sit?

  • Across the sacroiliac joint
  • In the bladder
  • The pelvi-ureteric junction
  • Vesicoureteric junction
A

In the bladder

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240
Q

What is structure 15?

A

Lactiferous sinus

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241
Q

Identify the muscle indicated by the arrow?

A

Internal intercostal muscles

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242
Q

Identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Intervertebral disc

243
Q

You are performing an abdominal examination, on palpation the patient has pain in the right iliac fossa. The patient describes pain which originated in the umbilicus before migrating to the right iliac fossa.

Which of the following is the most likely cause?

  • Appendicitis
  • Cholelithiasis
  • Diverticulitis
  • Pancreatitis
A

Appendicitis

244
Q

Identify the structure at the tip of the arrow.

A

Vertebral canal

245
Q

What is structure 6?

A

Rhomboid major muscle

246
Q

What is structure 12?

A

Terminal crista

247
Q

What is structure 1?

A

Platysma muscle

248
Q

What is structure 6?

A

Latissimus dorsi muscle (reflected)

249
Q

In this lateral view of the right hip and leg, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Tensor fascia lata muscle

250
Q

In this anterior view of the contents of the left upper abdomen, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Gastrosplenic ligament

251
Q

What is structure 8?

A

Breast tissue

252
Q

What is structure 8?

A

Breast tissue

253
Q

What is structure 19?

A

Superior cluneal nerves

254
Q

Midpoint of which two bony landmarks you will palpate for femoral artery pulse?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis

255
Q

Identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.

A

Splenius

256
Q

What is structure 17?

A

Axillary lymph nodes

257
Q

In this anterior view of the stomach and other contents of the upper abdomen, identify the feature indicated by the arrow at the tip of the gloved finger.

A

Omental (epiploic) foramen

258
Q

What is structure 4?

A

Vessels and nerves of the intercostal space (from above: posterior intercostal vein and artery and intercostal nerve)

259
Q
A

Lacunar ligament

260
Q

What is structure 9?

A

Areola

261
Q

What is structure 12?

A

Scapula (divided)

262
Q

In this posterior view of the right ankle and foot, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Flexor retinaculum

263
Q

What is structure 17?

A

Celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery

264
Q

What is structure 1?

A

Semispinalis capitis muscle

265
Q

In this lateral view of the right hip and femur, what muscle has its proximal attachment at the area painted red, as indicated by the arrow?

A

Gluteus maximus muscle

266
Q

A driver of a car involved in a head-on collision suffered a posterior dislocation of the head of the right femur. Which nerve is vulnerable to damage in a posterior dislocation of the head of femur?

A

Sciatic nerve

267
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Descending aorta

268
Q

What is structure 12?

A

Pectoral fascia

269
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Levator ani muscle

270
Q

What is structure 7?

A

Esophageal plexus (branches of right vagus nerve)

271
Q

What is structure 5?

A

Deltopectoral groove and cephalic vein

272
Q

Identify the area indicated by the arrow.

A

Subarachnoid space

273
Q

What is structure 11?

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

274
Q

The vertical lines drawn to divide the anterior abdominal wall into nine regions pass through what landmarks?

A

Midpoint of clavicles

275
Q
A

Loops of jejunum

276
Q

In this internal view of the lateral wall of the pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Superior gluteal artery

277
Q

What is structure 4?

A

Medial cutaneous branches of dorsal rami of spinal nerves

278
Q

In this anterior view of abdominal contents, identify the feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Mesentery

279
Q

In this inferior view of the female perineum, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle

280
Q
A

Pancreatic duct

281
Q

In this close-up view of the posterior abdominal wall, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Suprarenal gland

282
Q

What is structure 3?

A

Left splenius cervicis muscle (cut and reflected)

283
Q
A

Sacrotuberous ligament

284
Q

In this posterior view of the isolated liver, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Ligamentum venosum

285
Q

In this lateral view of the right disarticulated hip joint, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Acetabular labrum

286
Q

What is structure 10?

A

Levator scapulae muscle

287
Q

What is structure 10?

A

Azygos vein

288
Q

In this lateral view looking into the dissected pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Prostate gland

289
Q

Identify the bone indicated by the arrow.

A

Occipital bone

290
Q
  1. Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
  2. Which nerve supplies this muscle?
A
  1. Extensor hallucis longus
  2. Deep peroneal nerve
291
Q
A

Femoral nerve

292
Q

What is structure 3?

A

Deltoid muscle

293
Q

What is structure 9?

A

Areola

294
Q

What is structure 12?

A

Right auricle

295
Q

Fill in the blanks.

At several sites the veins draining into the portal system anastomose with [blank] veins draining to the inferior or superior vena cava. These porto-caval anastomoses are clinically very important as large volumes of blood can flow through them when the liver is obstructed by disease (such as alcoholic liver disease). These dilated, varicose veins can cause serious haemorrhage at sites such as the lower oesophagus and the rectum.

The spleen is a fist-sized organ lying in the posterior part of the left upper [blank] along the axis of the 9, 10 & 11th ribs. Its main functions are as a processor of worn-out red cells and a source of B-lymphocytes; its large blood supply from the splenic branch of the coeliac trunk makes it vulnerable to rupture leading to severe haemorrhage into the [blank] [blank] in trauma caused by such things as road traffic accidents or being kicked.

A

At several sites the veins draining into the portal system anastomose with systemic veins draining to the inferior or superior vena cava. These porto-caval anastomoses are clinically very important as large volumes of blood can flow through them when the liver is obstructed by disease (such as alcoholic liver disease). These dilated, varicose veins can cause serious haemorrhage at sites such as the lower oesophagus and the rectum.

The spleen is a fist-sized organ lying in the posterior part of the left upper hypochondrium along the axis of the 9, 10 & 11th ribs. Its main functions are as a processor of worn-out red cells and a source of B-lymphocytes; its large blood supply from the splenic branch of the coeliac trunk makes it vulnerable to rupture leading to severe haemorrhage into the lesser sac in trauma caused by such things as road traffic accidents or being kicked.

296
Q
A

Interspinous ligament

297
Q

Which thigh muscle has its distal attachment at the site indicated by the arrow?

A

Biceps femoris

298
Q

What is structure 12?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve

299
Q

What is structure 19?

A

Lateral thoracic vein

300
Q

What is structure 5?

A

Pulmonary vein

301
Q

What is structure 17?

A

Lateral branches of dorsal rami of spinal nerves

302
Q

In this anterior view of the dissected upper abdomen, in which the stomach has been removed, identify the artery indicated by the arrows.

A

Splenic

303
Q

What is structure 23?

A

Posterior intercostal artery and vein and intercostal nerve

304
Q

In this anterior view of the right thigh, identify the muscle indicated by the arrows.

A

Sartorius

305
Q
A

Head of the femur

306
Q

What is structure 1?

A

Thyroid gland

307
Q

In this frontal section of the right kidney, identify the structure indicated by the arrows.

A

Papilla

308
Q

Identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Odontoid process

309
Q

In this lateral view looking into the dissected male pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Bladder

310
Q

What is structure 24?

A

Diaphragm

311
Q

What is structure 16?

A

Descending aorta

312
Q

You are performing an abdominal examination, on palpation you feel a pulsatile and expansile mass in the umbilical region.

Which of the following is the most likely cause?

  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • Ascities
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Splenomegaly
A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

313
Q

In this internal view of the lateral wall of the pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Sympathetic grey ramus

314
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Vagus nerve

315
Q

In this anterior view of the anterior compartment of the right leg, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.

A

Anterior tibial

316
Q

Which arterial pulse you would use to assess the character and volume?

A

Carotid

317
Q

The indicated structure is routinely pierced when performing a lumbar puncture. Identify the structure.

A

Ligamentum flavum

318
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow?

A

Oesophagus

319
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrows.

A

Costal arch

320
Q

Into which vessel does the vein, indicated by the arrow, drain?

A

Polpiteal vein

  • Tibial / small saphenous vein drains into the polpiteal vein
321
Q

What is structure 12?

A

Pectoralis major and minor muscles

322
Q

At what joint(s) does the movement of foot inversion take place?

A

Subtalar joint

323
Q
A

Common peroneal nerve

324
Q

Identify the structure indicated.

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

325
Q

In this posterior view of the right knee, identify the muscle that is supplied by the nerve indicated by the arrow.

A

Soleus

326
Q

What is structure 5?

A

Azygos vein

327
Q

Fill in the blanks.

Within the thickness of the mesentery (i.e. between its two peritoneal layers) run the blood [blank] and [blank] that supply the gut. The abdominal gut is divided into three regions: the foregut, the midgut and the [blank]. The presence of a dorsal mesentery is common to all three regions. However, the foregut consisting of the intra-abdominal oesophagus, the [blank] and part of the duodenum also has a ventral mesentery, and so is suspended between the dorsal and ventral abdominal walls. Some abdominal organs, such as the kidneys and [blank] glands, do not become suspended in mesenteries but remain behind the parietal peritoneum – these are called [blank] organs. Within the ventral foregut mesentery grows the liver dividing this mesentery into two parts called the falciform ligament and the lesser [blank]. Within the dorsal foregut mesentery (labelled in the diagram as dorsal mesogastrium and dorsal mesoduodenum) grows the [blank].

A

Within the thickness of the mesentery (i.e. between its two peritoneal layers) run the blood vessels and nerves that supply the gut. The abdominal gut is divided into three regions: the foregut, the midgut and the hindgut. The presence of a dorsal mesentery is common to all three regions. However, the foregut consisting of the intra-abdominal oesophagus, the stomach and part of the duodenum also has a ventral mesentery, and so is suspended between the dorsal and ventral abdominal walls. Some abdominal organs, such as the kidneys and suprarenal glands, do not become suspended in mesenteries but remain behind the parietal peritoneum – these are called retroperitoneal organs. Within the ventral foregut mesentery grows the liver dividing this mesentery into two parts called the falciform ligament and the lesser omentum. Within the dorsal foregut mesentery (labelled in the diagram as dorsal mesogastrium and dorsal mesoduodenum) grows the spleen.

328
Q

What is structure 16?

A

Esophagus and esophageal plexus

329
Q

What is structure 15?

A

Rib and external intercostal muscle

330
Q
A

Vastus intermedius

331
Q

What is structure 9?

A

Liver

332
Q

What is structure 12?

A

Last coccygeal vertebra

333
Q

In this anterior view of the right foot, identify the nerve, indicated by the arrows, that supplies cutaneous innervation to the area painted in blue.

A

Superficial fibular (peroneal)

334
Q

What is structure 19?

A

Left primary bronchus

335
Q

What is structure 4?

A

Pectoralis major muscle

336
Q

During a brachioradialis tendon reflex test, what movements are seen in the upper limb to indicate a positive reflex?

A

Flexion of elbow, supination or pronation of forearm. ligament

337
Q

In this lateral view of the right ankle and foot, identify the nerve, indicated by the arrows, that supplies cutaneous innervation to the area painted in blue.

A

Sural

338
Q

Fill in the blanks.

The arterial supply of the liver and biliary system comes from the hepatic branch of the [blank] trunk. However, the artery only supplies about 20% of total hepatic blood flow, the rest coming from the portal vein. The portal vein drains the entire gut and its derivatives from the lower part of the oesophagus to the upper part of the rectum, including the pancreas and the spleen. It forms from the [blank] and superior mesenteric veins behind the neck of the pancreas and runs with the bile duct and the hepatic artery in the free edge of the [blank] [blank] to the hilum of the liver.

A

The arterial supply of the liver and biliary system comes from the hepatic branch of the coeliac trunk. However, the artery only supplies about 20% of total hepatic blood flow, the rest coming from the portal vein. The portal vein drains the entire gut and its derivatives from the lower part of the oesophagus to the upper part of the rectum, including the pancreas and the spleen. It forms from the splenic and superior mesenteric veins behind the neck of the pancreas and runs with the bile duct and the hepatic artery in the free edge of the lesser omentum to the hilum of the liver.

339
Q

Which nerve is susceptible to injury at the site indicated by the arrow?

A

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve

340
Q

In this posterior view of the right gluteal region and thigh, which of the following muscles receives its motor innervation from the nerve indicated by the arrow?

A

Biceps femoris

341
Q

What is structure 18?

A

Spleen

342
Q

What is structure 18?

A

Right pulmonary artery

343
Q

What is structure 22?

A

Medial branches of intercostal arteries

344
Q

What is structure 1?

A

Azygos venous arch

345
Q
A

Renal artery

346
Q

What clinical method is suitable for non-invasive, rapid screening of abdominal aortic aneurysms?

A

Ultrasound imaging

347
Q

During sensory testing of the dermatomes of the lower limb which spinal nerve root is tested on the dorsum of the middle toe?

A

L5

348
Q

In this anterior view of the dissected upper abdomen, in which the stomach has been removed, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Common bile duct

349
Q

In order to assess the rupture of anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint which imaging technique is most useful?

A

MRI of knee, sagittal view

350
Q

In this anterior view of an isolated pulmonary tree, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Segmental bronchus

351
Q

Identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.

A

Rectus capitus major

352
Q

What is structure 5?

A

Azygos vein

353
Q

What is structure 24?

A

Ascending aorta

354
Q

Which vertebra is shown here?

A

C1 / Atlas

355
Q

What is structure 25?

A

Posterior intercostal vein and artery and intercostal nerve

356
Q

Identify the vessel indicated by the arrow.

A

Right subclavian artery

357
Q
  1. Name the muscle indicated by the arrow?
  2. Which nerve supplies this muscle?
A
  1. Extensor digitorum muscle
  2. Radial nerve
358
Q

What is structure 10?

A

Nipple (papilla)

359
Q

What is structure 13?

A

Right atrium

360
Q

In this anterior view of abdominal contents, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Transverse mesocolon

361
Q

In this anterior view looking down into the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrows.

A

Broad ligament

362
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Tectorial membrane

363
Q

In this view looking down into the left side of the male pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Ductus deferens

364
Q
A

Caudate lobe of liver

365
Q

What is structure 2?

A

Ganglion of sympathetic trunk

366
Q
A

Coeliac ganglion

367
Q

In a postero-anterior (PA) radiograph of the chest what two structures of the heart occupies most of the right border of the cardiovascular silhouette?

A

Superior vena cava and right atrium

368
Q

What is structure 17?

A

Axillary lymph nodes

369
Q
  1. If the nerve labelled A was damaged at a level between the labelling a, which movement(s) would be affected?
  2. Identify the vessel labelled B
A
  1. Plantarflexion and inversion of the foot
  2. Peroneal (Fibular) artery
370
Q

What structure indicated by the arrow?

A

Left renal pelvis

371
Q

In this posterior view of the right hip and femur, what muscle has its distal attachment at the area indicated by the painted blue line indicated by the arrow?

A

Adductor longus

372
Q

What is structure 24?

A

Sympathetic trunk and sympathetic ganglion

373
Q

In this anterior view of the right femoral triangle, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.

A

Deep femoral

374
Q

What is structure 9?

A

Splenius capitis muscle

375
Q

What is structure 4?

A

Right pulmonary vein

376
Q

In this sagittal section of isolated male organs, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Prostatic urethra

377
Q

What is structure 4?

A

Aortic arch

378
Q

What is structure 5?

A

Spinalis thoracis muscle

379
Q

In this posterior view of a deep dissection of the right knee and upper leg, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.

A

Posterior tibial

380
Q

Which nerve root is tested in the suprinator reflex?

A

C6

381
Q

What is structure 18?

A

Left pulmonary artery

382
Q

Where would you palpate the posterior tibial artery pulse?

A

Posterior to the medial malleolus

383
Q

In this anterior view of the dissected upper abdomen, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.

A

Left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic)

384
Q

What is structure 23?

A

Ramus communicans

385
Q

What is structure 17?

A

Thoracic duct

386
Q

In this lateral view of the right hip and thigh, what muscle has its proximal attachment to the area painted red and its distal attachment to the area painted blue, as indicated by the arrows?

A

Gluteus medius muscle

387
Q

What is structure 8?

A

Lesser occipital nerve

388
Q

At what plane the hila of the kidneys lie?

A

Transpyloric Plane

389
Q

The sympathetic fibres indicated by the arrow contribute to which nerve?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve

390
Q

What is structure 16?

A

Aortic arch

391
Q
A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

392
Q

What is structure 12?

A

Serratus posterior superior muscle

393
Q

What is structure 8?

A

Lateral cutaneous branches of dorsal rami of spinal nerves

394
Q

In this lateral view of the right leg, just below the knee, identify the nerve indicated by the arrow.

A

Deep fibular (peroneal)

395
Q

Fill in the blanks.

The peritoneal cavity is one of the spaces derived from the [blank] cavity of the embryo, the others being the pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity of the thorax. The peritoneal cavity is lined by a membranous layer called the peritoneum (equivalent to the pleura and pericardium of the thoracic cavities). This lining membrane consists of a simple layer of squamous epithelium, called the [blank], supported by a thin layer of areolar [blank] tissue. However, the arrangement of these layers is rather more complicated than in the pleural and pericardial cavities. Early in its development, the abdominal part of the gut tube becomes suspended from the dorsal (posterior) wall of the [blank] cavity within the free edge of a peritoneal fold called the mesentery.

A

The peritoneal cavity is one of the spaces derived from the coelomic cavity of the embryo, the others being the pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity of the thorax. The peritoneal cavity is lined by a membranous layer called the peritoneum (equivalent to the pleura and pericardium of the thoracic cavities). This lining membrane consists of a simple layer of squamous epithelium, called the mesothelium, supported by a thin layer of areolar connective tissue. However, the arrangement of these layers is rather more complicated than in the pleural and pericardial cavities. Early in its development, the abdominal part of the gut tube becomes suspended from the dorsal (posterior) wall of the abdominal cavity within the free edge of a peritoneal fold called the mesentery.

396
Q

In this inferior view of the male perineum, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

397
Q

In this deep dissection, where gluteus maximus (G) has been reflected, name the muscle indicated by the arrow.

A

Piriformis

398
Q

What is structure 1?

A

Platysma muscle

399
Q

What is structure 11?

A

Sternum

400
Q

What is structure 14?

A

White ramus communicans of sympathetic trunk

401
Q

In this lateral view of a sagittal section of the male pelvis, identify the structure grasped by the forceps and indicated by the arrow.

A

Levator ani muscle

402
Q

Identify the structure at the tip of the arrow.

A

Intervertebral disc

403
Q

What is structure 17?

A

Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus

404
Q

The ventral ramus of which spinal nerve is indicated by the arrow?

A

T10

405
Q
A

Coeliac trunk

406
Q

What is structure 10?

A

External abdominal oblique muscle

407
Q

In this view looking down into the left side of the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Proper ligament of the ovary

408
Q

What is structure 20?

A

Lymph vessels

409
Q
A

Lesser curvature of the stomach

410
Q

Which of the following tests is useful to detect a moderate effusion around the knee joint?

A

Patellar tap test

411
Q

What is structure 9?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

412
Q

What is structure 10?

A

Longissimus thoracis muscle

413
Q

What is structure 15?

A

Cut edge of pericardium

414
Q

What is structure 21?

A

Serratus anterior muscle

415
Q

In this view looking down into the left side of the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Mesovarium

416
Q

What is structure 5?

A

First rib (divided)

417
Q

What is structure 14?

A

Serratus anterior muscle (insertion)

418
Q

What is structure 1?

A

Internal thoracic artery and vein

419
Q

What is structure 11?

A

Splenius cervicis muscle

420
Q

If a patient was suffering from severe liver cirrhosis, which of the following signs would you be the least likely to see on examination?

  • Enlarged kidneys
  • Guarding
  • Hepatomegaly on palpation and percussion
  • Jaundice on inspection
  • Shifting dullness to percussion
A

Enlarged kidneys

421
Q

What precisely does the structure indicated by the arrow surround?

A

Right crus of penis

422
Q

What is structure 3?

A

Sympathetic trunk

423
Q

What is structure 14?

A

Right auricle

424
Q

In this anterior view of the right hip and femur, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.

A

Gracillis

425
Q

What is structure 4?

A

Left vagus nerve

426
Q

What is structure 7?

A

Latissimus dorsi muscle

427
Q

In this posterior view of a deep dissection of the right hip, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.

A

Quadratus femoris

428
Q

In this dissection of the spinal cord, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Ventral root

429
Q

Identify the structure or feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

430
Q

In this posterior view of organs removed from the male pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Seminal vesicle

431
Q

What is structure 5?

A

Right primary bronchus

432
Q

In this view of the inguinal region, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Superior crus of superficial inguinal ring

433
Q

What is structure 17?

A

Thoracic duct

434
Q

What is structure 15?

A

Third occipital nerve

435
Q

When you perform a valgus stress test of the knee joint, which ligament is being tested?

A

Medial collateral

436
Q

In this internal view of the lateral wall of the pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrows.

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

437
Q

In this anterior view of the right thigh, which of the following muscles receives its motor innervation from the nerve indicated by the arrow?

A

Adductor longus

438
Q

What is structure 10?

A

Right phrenic nerve

439
Q
A

Gracilis muscle

440
Q

In this posterior view of the right gluteal region, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Superior gluteal artery

441
Q

What is structure 3?

A

Clavicle (divided)

442
Q

Please select the correct statement.

  • The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery.
  • The superior epigastric artery is a terminal branch of the subcostal artery.
  • The inferior epigastric artery is a direct branch of the abdominal aorta.
  • The superior epigastric artery is a terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery.
  • The superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastomose anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle.
A

The superior epigastric artery is a terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery.

443
Q

What is structure 10?

A

Nipple (papilla)

444
Q

What is structure 10?

A

Nipple (papilla)

445
Q
A

Iliotibial tract

446
Q

In this anterior view of the dissected upper abdomen, in which the stomach has been removed, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.

A

Gastroduodenal

447
Q

What is structure 2?

A

Clavicle

448
Q

What is structure 19?

A

Anterior gastric plexus and stomach (divided)

449
Q

Identify the muscle indicated by the arrows.

A

Multifidus

450
Q
A

Transverse colon

451
Q
  1. Which muscle lies deep to the muscle labelled A?
  2. Where is the proximal attachment of the muscle labelled B?
A
  1. Gluteus minimus muscle
  2. Ischial tuberosity
452
Q

In this view of the large intestine, identify the feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Teniae coli

453
Q

Identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.

A

Internal abdominal oblique

454
Q

What is structure 4?

A

Semispinalis thoracis muscle

455
Q

Coronal section MRI knee region.

  1. Which nerve innervates A?
  2. When strucure B leaves the knee to enter the leg, it becomes which structure?
A
  1. The femoral nerve. (A is sartorius muscle)
  2. Tibial artery (B is the popliteal artery)
456
Q

Identify the bony feature at the tip of the arrow.

A

Pedicle

457
Q

What is structure 19?

A

Heart with pericardium

458
Q

What is structure 8?

A

Diaphragm

459
Q

Axial MRI section, right mid-leg.

  1. Which nerve supplies the structure labelled A?
  2. Identify the vessel labelled B
A
  1. Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve (A is tibialis anterior muscle)
  2. The short saphenous vein
460
Q

In this anterior view of the dissected upper abdomen, in which the stomach has been removed, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.

A

Common hepatic artery

461
Q

What is structure 17?

A

Thoracic vertebra

462
Q

What is structure 6?

A

Latissimus dorsi muscle

463
Q

In this anterior view of the right hip and thigh, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Obturator externus muscle

464
Q

What is structure 14?

A

Serratus anterior muscle (insertion)

465
Q

What is structure 18?

A

Multifidus muscle

466
Q

Identify the structure(s) indicated by the arrows.

A

Arcuate line

467
Q

In this anterior view of the right leg and foot, identify the muscle that is indicated by the arrows.

A

Extensor digitorum longus

468
Q

Identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Transverse process

469
Q

What is structure 14?

A

Greater occipital nerve

470
Q

In this anterior view of the skeleton of the right ankle and foot, identify the bone indicated by the arrow.

A

Cuboid

471
Q

Where do postganglionic neurons innervating the structure indicated by the arrow originate?

A

Superior mesenteric plexus

472
Q

What is structure 18?

A

Intercostobrachial nerve

473
Q

What is structure 13?

A

Conus arteriosus (right ventricle), pulmonic valve

474
Q

What is structure 9?

A

Scapula

475
Q

What is structure 20?

A

Lymph vessels

476
Q

What is structure 16?

A

Apical lymph nodes

477
Q

In this anterior view of the skeleton of the right thigh, identify the muscle that has its proximal attachment to the area of the femur painted red, as indicated by the arrow.

A

Vastus intermedius

478
Q

What is structure 10?

A

Psoas major muscle

479
Q

What is structure 11?

A

Esophagus

480
Q

What is structure 20?

A

Left common carotid artery and vagus nerve

481
Q

What is structure 15?

A

Sympathetic trunk

482
Q

What is structure 2?

A

Thyroid gland and trachea

483
Q

When examining the knee joint, a posterior sag sign is an indication of injury to which ligament?

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

484
Q

What is structure 1?

A

Right vagus nerve

485
Q

In this anterior view of the stomach in situ, identify the structure grasped by the forceps and indicated by the arrow.

A

Lesser omentum

486
Q

What is structure 5?

A

Deltopectoral groove and cephalic vein

487
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Right crus of diaphragm

488
Q

What is structure 14?

A

Right ventricle

489
Q

In this lateral view of the right hip, what muscle attaches to the area painted in red, as indicated by the arrow?

A

Obturator externus

490
Q

Which ligament is indicated by the arrow?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

491
Q

What is structure 7?

A

Iliac crest

492
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Alar ligament

493
Q

In this lateral view of the right hip bone, identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Ischiopubic ramus

494
Q

In this sagittal section of the isolated testis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Tunica albuginea

495
Q

In this view looking down into the dissected female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Ureter

496
Q

What is structure 15?

A

Lactiferous sinus

497
Q

What is structure 14?

A

Medial branches of dorsal rami of spinal nerves

498
Q

In this anteromedial view of the proximal end of the tibia, identify the structure grasped by the forceps and indicated by the arrow.

A

Joint capsule

499
Q

In this posterior view of the right leg, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.

A

Gastrocnemius

500
Q

Which dermatome is tested on the medial aspect of the leg?

A

L4

501
Q

What is structure 22?

A

Pancreas

502
Q

What is structure 13?

A

Right vagus nerve

503
Q

In this anterior view of the stomach and other contents of the upper abdomen, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Gastrocolic ligament

504
Q

What is structure 21?

A

Left brachiocephalic vein and inferior thyroid vein

505
Q

What is structure 13?

A

Mammary gland

506
Q

Identify the radiographic feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Costophrenic angle

507
Q

What is structure 26?

A

Middle cluneal nerves

508
Q

What is structure 20?

A

Trapezius muscle

509
Q

In this anterior view of the opened left spermatic cord, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Ductus deferens

510
Q

What is structure 1?

A

Subclavian artery

511
Q

In this anterior view of the distal end of the right femur, identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Lateral condyle

512
Q

In this lateral view of the right hip and thigh, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Rectus femoris

513
Q
A

Body of gall bladder

514
Q

What is structure 19?

A

Costal part of diaphragm

515
Q

From what does the vessel indicated by the arrow originate?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

516
Q

What is structure 22?

A

Medial branches of intercostal arteries

517
Q

What is structure 20?

A

Costal margin

518
Q

What is structure 14?

A

Ascending aorta and left coronary artery (only in upper figure)

519
Q

In this view looking down into the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrows.

A

Round ligament of uterus

520
Q

Which leg muscle tendon crosses the plantar surface of the foot from the lateral aspect to its distal attachment at the medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal, acting to evert the foot and helping to maintain the transverse arch?

A

Peroneus (Fibularis) longus

521
Q

In this lateral view of the female pelvis, identify the feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Rectouterine pouch

522
Q

Which method you will rely on for a diagnosis of acute appendicitis?

A

History and physical examination

523
Q

Identify the muscle indicated by the arrows.

A

Long rotator muscle

524
Q

What is structure 22?

A

Left internal thoracic artery and vein (divided)

525
Q

During a routine examination of the lower limb, a patient was asked to stand on one leg while the doctor carefully checks for dropping of the pelvis on the unsupported side (Trendelenberg’s sign). Which of these muscles is part of the group of muscles for which Trendelenberg tests?

A

Gluteus medius

526
Q

What is structure 18?

A

Trachea

527
Q

What is structure 25?

A

Pulmonary trunk

528
Q

What is structure 18?

A

Spinal cord

529
Q

On this view of the caudal spinal cord, what is the structure indicated by the white arrow?

A

Filum terminale

530
Q

What is structure 6?

A

Latissimus dorsi muscle

531
Q

In this lateral view of the right leg and foot, identify the tendon of the muscle indicated by the arrows.

A

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

532
Q

Identify the muscle whose origin is indicated by the painted surface of the bone.

A

Obturator internus

533
Q

Where would you palpate the abdominal aortic pulse on the abdominal wall?

A

2 cm above the umbilicus along the anterior median line

534
Q

What is structure 6?

A

Latissimus dorsi muscle

535
Q

What is the structure indicated by the arrow the expanded distal end of?

A

Corpus spongiosum

536
Q

In this lateral view looking into the dissected female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Bladder

537
Q

Identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.

A

Longissimus thoracis

538
Q
A

Denticulate ligament

539
Q

What is structure 6?

A

Primary bronchus

540
Q

In this anterior view of a coronal section of the stomach, identify the feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Pyloric antrum

541
Q

Where would you palpate for the apex beat of the heart in a healthy adult?

A

5th left intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line

542
Q

Identify the feature at the tip of the arrow.

A

Dorsal sacral foramen

543
Q

Identify the bony feature indicated.

A

Spinous process

544
Q
  1. A branch of which nerve supplies the muscle indicated by the arrow?
  2. Where is the distal attachment of this muscle?
A
  1. Median nerve
  2. Extensor expansion of the index finger
545
Q

In this anterior view of the right femoral triangle, identify the structure indicated by the arrow that forms the medial border of the triangle.

A

Adductor longus muscle

546
Q

What is structure 8?

A

Breast tissue

547
Q

When you perform an ankle jerk reflex test on a patient, which muscles produce movement at the ankle joint?

A

Soleus and Gastrocnemius

548
Q

In this anterior view of the right femoral triangle, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Femoral vein

549
Q

Identify the bony feature indicated.

A

Inferior articular process

550
Q

What is structure 13?

A

Posterior intercostal arteries

551
Q

What is structure 18?

A

Intercostobrachial nerve

552
Q

When you auscultate a healthy adult patient with no lung disease, where would you hear bronchial breathing sounds on their anterior chest wall?

A

Over the manubrium of the sternum

553
Q
A

Round ligamentum of uterus

554
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Quadratus lumborum muscle

555
Q

In this anterior view of the right foot, identify the muscle whose tendon is indicated by the arrow.

A

Extensor hallucis brevis

556
Q

What is structure 18?

A

Aorta

557
Q

What is structure 1?

A

Posterior intercostal arteries

558
Q

A suprapubic (Pfannestiel) incision scar on a patient should be observed in which part of the structured abdominal examination?

A

General inspection

559
Q

What is structure 3?

A

Lung

560
Q

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Ramus communicans

561
Q

What is structure 13?

A

Mammary gland

562
Q

When palpating the abdominal aorta, what clinical finding would be most specific to an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

A

Pulsatile and expansile

563
Q

In this posterior view of the right femur, identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.

A

Gluteal tuberosity

564
Q

Fill in the blanks.

A double sheet of peritoneum grows out from the dorsal foregut mesentery below the spleen and hangs down like an apron in front of the coils of small intestine. This fold is called the [blank] omentum.

A

A double sheet of peritoneum grows out from the dorsal foregut mesentery below the spleen and hangs down like an apron in front of the coils of small intestine. This fold is called the greater omentum.

565
Q

In this medial view of the right ankle and foot, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Calcaneonavicular ligament

566
Q

What is structure 16?

A

Aortic arch

567
Q
A

Gall bladder

568
Q
  1. Identify the knee joint structure labelled A
  2. Which joint movement is restricted by B?
A
  1. Lateral meniscus (one of the cartilages of the knee).
  2. Adduction (of the leg at the knee)
569
Q

What is structure 23?

A

Pectoralis minor muscle

570
Q

What is structure 5?

A

Brachial plexus and subclavian artery

571
Q

When examining for kidney enlargement using bimanual technique your non palpating hand will be placed posteriorly in the renal angle area. Where would you place the palpating hand?

A

Subcostal region between the midclavicular and anterior axillary lines

572
Q

In this posterior view of the underside of the right foot, identify the ligament that is indicated by the arrow.

A

Long plantar

573
Q
A

T12 & L1

574
Q

What is structure 15?

A

Thoracic aorta and left vagus nerve

575
Q

What is structure 14?

A

Left primary bronchus

576
Q
A

Ischiopubic ramus

577
Q

What is structure 3?

A

Intercostal nerve

578
Q

In this inferior view of the male perineum, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Perineal membrane

579
Q

What is structure 6?

A

Posterior intercostal artery

580
Q

What is structure 16?

A

Esophagus and esophageal plexus

581
Q

Identify the muscle whose origin is indicated by the line at the tip of the arrows.

A

Erector spinae

582
Q

Identify precisely the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Tail of the pancreas

583
Q

What is structure 2?

A

Phrenic nerve and scalenus anterior muscle

584
Q
  1. Identify the nerve labelled A
  2. The nerves marked with asterisks (*) are part of which structure?
A
  1. Femoral nerve
  2. Sacral plexus
585
Q

Identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.

A

Middle scalene

586
Q

In this anterior view of the right ankle and foot, identify the blood vessel indicated by the arrow.

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

587
Q

What is structure 7?

A

Medial mammarian branches of intercostal nerves

588
Q

In this view looking down into the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Uterine tube

589
Q

What is structure 16?

A

Lesser occipital nerve

590
Q
A

Sigmoid colon

591
Q

What is structure 21?

A

Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm (branch of axillary nerve)

592
Q

Identify the muscle indicated by the arrows.

A

Short rotator muscle

593
Q

In this internal view of the lateral wall of the pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrows.

A

Sympathetic trunk

594
Q

What is structure 21?

A

Celiac trunk and celiac plexus

595
Q

What is structure 15?

A

Inferior cervical cardiac branches of vagus nerve

596
Q

Which part of the urethra is located within the structure indicated?

A

Prostatic part of urethra

597
Q

What is structure 11?

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

598
Q

In this anterior view of the right thigh, which of the following muscles receives its motor innervation from the nerve indicated by the arrow?

A

Quadriceps femoris

599
Q

A person’s weight carried by the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar, vertebrae is directly supported by the structure indicated. Identify the structure.

A

Body of S1

600
Q

In this close-up view of the structures on the posterior abdominal wall, identify the vessel indicated by the arrow.

A

Superior mesenteric vein

601
Q

What is structure 5?

A

Medial margin of scapula

602
Q

What is structure 6?

A

Posterior intercostal artery

603
Q

In this lateral view looking into the dissected male pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

A

Ureter

Phase 1b - Revision (11 decks)

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