LIMBS Flashcards
indication of limb surgeries
- fractures
- subluxation and luxation
- trauma
- diseases - DJD, neoplasia, tendon rupture
general examinations
- distant observation
- standing palpation
3.superficial/deep palpation - standing palpation
injection of substance (iodine soln) (usually iodine) into a joint then radiograph to be able to visualize what’s inside the joint
arthrography
injection of iodine-based contrast material into the spinal canal (or subarachnoid space??)
myelography
most common dx tool
radiograph
fractures accdg to cause
direct violence
indirect violence - trauma to the muscle or adjacent bone
diseases of the bone - osteosarcoma
repeated stress - runner dogs
fractures accdg to communication to the outside environment
open, closed fracture
Accdg to the completeness of the break
- complete
- incomplete (greenstick, hairline)
Accdg to direction
T,O,S
Acctg to Number of fragments
- comminuted - butterfly, segmental
- others - avulsion, torus, compression, depression
urgent surgical tx
articular fractures,
growth plate fractures and
compound fractures
stages of fracture healing
inflamm,
reparative
remodelling
2 types of callus in reparative stage
Medullary callus forming inside the medullary cavity
Periosteal callus forming outside
Bone healing depends on and is influenced by
- blood supply
- reduction of fracture fragment alignment
- degree of stabilization of fracture fragments
AO Principles in Fracture Fixation
- Fracture reduction and fixation to restore anatomical relationships
- Stabilization by fixation or splintage
- Preservation of blood supply to the soft tissues and bones by gentle handling of BVs
- Early and safe immobilization of fractures to ensure proper healing of the animal
5 forces acting in a fracture
BATTS
bending, axial compression, torsion, tension, shear
Bone fragment slides in its axis
shear
IM Pin prevents bending
true
Able to resist bending, rotational and axial forces
im pin
T/F retrogade requires fluoroscopy
normograde
normograde uses jacob;’s chuck while retrogade uses fluroscopy
false
Type of intermedullary pin used to stabilize distal fractures of the limb
rush pin
equipment used in long bones that can Easily bend towards the length; can mimic bone bending
Clamp rod Internal Fixator
equipment used in Fractures w/ severe or gross soft tissue trauma and or contamination
External skeletal fixator
cause of implant failure
- wrong size
- wrong technique
- hyperactive animal
Fusion of the growth plate of the pubic symphyses
Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis (JPS)
explainn craniodorsal luxation
greater trochanter aligns with ilium and ischium (straight line instead of triangle)
explain caudodorsal luxation
triangle gets bigger because the femur is displaced ventrally
close reduction procedure
- rotate laterally
- pull femur until into acetabulum
A.k.a Osteochodrosis dissecans of the femoral head
Legg Perthe’s dx
In cases of FHO, bony growths can be seen in dogs younger than ___. of age
9 mos
post-op care for FHO
Rehabilitation / Physical therapy
Swimming
Exercise the limbs w/o much force or trauma to the joint
To build muscle
Ice and heat therapy
keeps the patella in place (both lateral and medial side)
Femoropatellar ligament
Wedge resection of the femoral trochlea
trocheoplasty
Once the pubis stops growing, as the animal grows, a portion of the ____, ___ and ___ grows further to cover the femoral head
ischium, acetabulum and ilium
abnormal devt of coxofe. joint
HD
Dislocation of the hip joint
COXOFEMORAL or HIP LUXATION
keeps the femoral head inside
acetabulum
stabilized by ehmer sling
Craniodorsal CFL
caudoventral is stabilized with?
figure of 8 hobbles tape
Only 50% chance of success for open reduction
false, closed
avascular necrosis of the femoral head
legg-perthe’s
On a grade 1-2 , rotation of the limb is present
false 3-4
Prevents forward displacement of the tibia
CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RUPTURE
Incision is done on the opposite of the luxation
imbirication of retinaculum
Incision into the retinaculum or fascia* on the direction of the luxation
retinacular release
Use of an absorbable suture to attach a portion of patella & goes under the fabella
Reinforcement of the femoropatellar ligament
Disturbance of the cell differentiation in the metaphyseal growth plates and joint cartilage
OSTEOCHONDROSIS
