limbiks_Pregnancy II - Canvas.pptx - limbiks_Pregnancy II - Canvas.pptx Flashcards
1
Q
What are some barriers to prenatal care?
A
Financial, Institutional practices, Denial, Cultural
2
Q
Why is it important to take time with the client?
A
Avoid putting the client on the defensive
3
Q
When should prenatal care begin?
A
First trimester
4
Q
What should ideally be done before getting pregnant?
A
Preconception visit
5
Q
What are the goals of the initial prenatal visit?
A
Confirm pregnancy, evaluate maternal health, assess growth and health of fetus, establish baseline data, evaluate psychosocial needs, assess needs for teaching, discuss plan of care for pregnancy
6
Q
Which type of vaccines should not be given to mothers, what is an example that cannot be give?
A
live vaccines (can hard fetus), MMR cannot be given
7
Q
What is the recommended folic acid intake for child-bearing age women?
A
400 mcg
8
Q
What is the recommended folic acid intake during pregnancy?
A
600 mcg
9
Q
What is the recommended folic acid intake for women with a history of neural tube defect?
A
4,000 mcg
10
Q
What is EDD and how is it calculated?
A
EDD is calculated as 40 weeks from the LMP.
11
Q
What is Nägele’s rule used for in determining the EDD?
A
Nägele’s rule is used to calculate the EDD by subtracting 3 months, adding 7 days, and correcting the year if necessary from the LMP
12
Q
What factors are considered in determining the size of the fetus?
A
Ultrasound is used to determine the size and growth of the fetus.
13
Q
How is Nagele’s rule calculated?
A
Date of last period - three months + 7 days
14
Q
What does Nagele’s rule help calculate?
A
Gestational age
15
Q
What does GP stand for in obstetric history?
A
Gravida and pregnancies
16
Q
What does GTPAL stand for?
A
Gravida, term, preterm pregnancies, abortions, living children
17
Q
How many weeks constitute a term pregnancy?
A
38-42 weeks
18
Q
When are pregnancies considered preterm?
A
Anything below 38 weeks and above 20 weeks
19
Q
What does the ‘A’ in GTPAL represent? what is the cutoff?
A
Abortions (spontaneous and induced). 20 weeks
20
Q
What does the ‘L’ in GTPAL represent?
A
Living children
21
Q
What does gravida G stand for?
A
Number of times pregnant
22
Q
What is the range for a full-term pregnancy?
A
Term T = 38-42 weeks
23
Q
What is considered preterm?
A
P = 20 weeks – 37 weeks and 6 days
24
Q
What is considered an abortion?
A
A = anything less than 20 weeks
25
What are some components of the physical examination?
Height and weight, vital signs, fundal height, fetal heart sounds
Urinalysis, breast and reproductive organs
26
What is measured to determine the position and growth of the uterus?
Fundal height
27
How does BMI impact pregnancy if you have a 19.7 bmi?
25-35 pounds gained if regular BMI
28
Why are vital signs important in pregnancy?
Baseline for comparison
29
What is fundal height?
Measurement of pregnancy growth
30
Where should the fundal height be at 15 weeks?
Just above symphysis pubis
31
What can protein in the urine indicate?
Preeclampsia
32
Is finding of glucose in the urine alarming?
No, it is ok.
33
When can ketones in urine be observed?
Uncontrolled nausea/vomiting or dehydration
34
What can cause UTI during pregnancy?
Urinary stasis due to pressure on the uterus
35
What can discharge indicate?
Gonorrhea or chlamydia
36
What does blue cervix color indicate?
Pregnancy, known as Chadwick's sign
37
How often are prenatal visits recommended during the first trimester?
Once a month
38
What should be monitored during ongoing visits?
Vital signs, progress of weight gain, urinalysis
39
What is the significance of fundal height? when is it relevant?
Approximately equal to gestational age. 20-32 weeks
40
What is the recommended frequency of prenatal visits?
monthly until third trimester, twice a month in the third trimester, every week closer to labor
41
When should prenatal visits be scheduled every week?
37 weeks to delivery
42
Why is it important for patients to void before measuring their fundal height?
ensures accuracy
43
What is the purpose of palpating the belly during ongoing visits? what is the sign called?
To determine how the baby is positioned. leopolds sign?
44
What can help stimulate movement of the baby? how many kicks do you want an hour? when are they felt most?
Drinking or eating. 10 kicks in an hour, felt more around 20 weeks
45
What are the signs of labor?
Effacement and dilation, rupture of membranes, contractions, bleeding
46
What can ultrasounds check during pregnancy?
Gender, placenta status, and location
47
When is the glucose screening test done?
24-28 weeks along
48
What is the purpose of the glucose screening test?
Check for gestational diabetes
49
What happens if the FSBS is 140 mg/dL or more?
Tolerance test
50
Why is RhoGAM given to negative RH mothers?
To prevent the mother from rejecting a positive RH baby
51
When is RhoGAM given?
At 28 weeks and within 72 hours post delivery (if baby is positive)
52
When is RhoGAM less crucial?
For the first birth
53
When would you want RhoGAM?
If there is any invasive procedure or risk for exposure
54
Why is a pap smear done?
To check for cancer
55
Why is screening for anxiety and depression important?
To ensure open communication
56
What is the focus of the 1st trimester?
On the mother
57
What is the focus of the 2nd trimester?
On the baby
58
What can happen during the 3rd trimester?
Anxiety and fear, checking on home life
59
What are some possible signs of a multifetal pregnancy?
Fundal height, N/V three times more often, fatigue and backache
60
Why might a pregnant woman have more frequent prenatal visits?
Multifetal pregnancy
61
What is the significance of increased fundal height?
Possible indication of multifetal pregnancy. increases by 4cm than is expected for gestational age.
62
How much weight should a mom gain for multifetal pregnancies?
37-54 pounds
63
Are more prenatal visits needed for multifetal pregnancies?
Yes
64
During which trimester will a mom with multifetal pregnancy be seen more frequently?
2nd trimester
65
What are some discomforts of pregnancy? upper body
NV, heartburn, backache, round ligament pain (R side), urinary frequency.
66
What is round ligament pain and where does it usually occur?
Pain in the round ligament; usually on the right side
67
What is a common issue with urinary system during pregnancy?
Urinary frequency
68
What can cause heartburn during pregnancy?
progesterone decreases smooth muscle.
69
How can backache be relieved during pregnancy?
Heat is nice
70
How can round ligament pain be relieved?
Heat is really going to help
71
Why do pregnant women experience urinary frequency?
Due to increased pressure
72
What is the recommendation for drinking water during pregnancy?
Still drink plenty of water
73
What are some discomforts of pregnancy? lower body
Hemorrhoids, constipation, leg cramps, varicose veins, dependent edema
74
What can help reduce inflammation from hemorrhoids?
Witch hazel
75
How can constipation be relieved?
Increase movement, fiber, and water intake
76
What can cause constipation?
Iron
77
What should be done to alleviate leg cramps?
Point toe towards head (dorsoflex), take magnesium and calcium supplements
78
What can help with varicose veins?
Compression stockings
79
How should one position their legs to relieve dependent edema?
Rest with feet elevated
80
What is the recommended use of hot tubs?
Limited
81
Is douching considered good for health?
Not good
82
Why is it important to educate about breast care?
Breast stimulation can release oxytocin and stimulate labor
83
What type of clothing is recommended for health?
Nonrestrictive
84
What are some teaching points for exercise?
Beneficial in moderation
85
What should be emphasized about sleep and rest?
Pillows
86
What should be mentioned about sexual activity?
Safe with some precautions
culture considerations
87
When should pregnant women avoid sexual activity?
Ruptured membranes and risk of preterm labor
88
What should pregnant women remember about travel?
seatbelt under the belly,
89
Until what gestational week is it generally considered safe to travel by plane?
36 weeks
90
Are live vaccines safe?
No
91
When should Tdap be given during pregnancy?
27-36 weeks
92
Is smoking good for your health?
No
93
Is alcohol consumption recommended?
No
94
Are illicit drugs harmful?
Yes
95
What should you do if you have a live vaccine?
Wait a month before getting pregnant
96
What stages of pregnancy are covered in early pregnancy classes?
1st and 2nd trimester
97
What is the focus of childbirth preparation classes?
Preparing for birth during the 3rd trimester
98
What are some types of perinatal education?
Refresher courses, breastfeeding classes, parenting and infant care classes, sibling classes
99
What are the recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy based on a normal pre-pregnancy BMI?
25-35 lbs.
100
How much weight gain is recommended for adolescents during pregnancy?
Use adult BMI
101
What is the recommended weight gain for a multifetal pregnancy of normal BMI?
37-54 lbs.
102
How much weight gain is typical in the first trimester of pregnancy?
Approx. 1.1-4.4 lbs.
103
What is the recommended rate of weight gain per week for someone with a normal BMI after the first trimester?
1 lb./week afterwards
104
how many calories on average do you need on average while pregnant?
2200-2900
105
What is protein necessary for?
Metabolism, tissue synthesis, and tissue repair
106
How long is the recommended healing time between births?
18-24 months
107
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, & K
108
What can happen if there is excessive intake of fat-soluble vitamins?
Toxicity
109
Which vitamins are water-soluble?
B6, B12, C, folic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, & niacin
110
What happens to excess water-soluble vitamins?
Excreted in urine
111
Can toxicity occur with water-soluble vitamins?
Yes
112
What is the role of folic acid?
Decreases occurrence of neural tube defects
113
What is the daily recommended intake of folic acid for nonpregnant individuals?
400 mcg
114
What is the daily recommended intake of folic acid during pregnancy?
600 mcg
115
What is the daily recommended intake of folic acid for individuals with a previous child with neural tube defect?
4000 mcg (4 mg)
116
What stays in the fat?
Fat soluble vitamins
117
What are some sources of folic acid?
Leafy greens, legumes, beans, lentils, orange juice, cereal
118
What are the side effects of iron supplementation?
N/V, heartburn, constipation, diarrhea, black stools
119
What mineral helps with neural development?
Choline
120
What should iron be taken with?
Vitamin C
121
What type of supplements should be taken during pregnancy?
Prenatal vitamin supplements
122
How much water should be consumed daily?
Approximately 10 cups
123
What is one food precaution during pregnancy?
Avoid raw fish -high levels of mercury can damage fetal CNS
124
What is one potential risk of consuming high levels of mercury during pregnancy?
Can damage fetal CNS
125
What is one foodborne illness that can cause complications in pregnancy?
Listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes
126
What type of food is commonly associated with Listeria infection?
Cold meats in the refrigerator
127
What are the potential consequences of Listeria infection in pregnancy?
Stillbirths and preterm labor
128
What is one source of toxoplasmosis that pregnant women should avoid?
Cat feces
129
What are some food products pregnant women should avoid to prevent toxoplasmosis?
Unpasteurized products, undercooked eggs & meat, cold deli salads, raw sprouts
130
What are some factors that influence weight gain?
Age, Knowledge, Exercise, Culture
131
Is culture a factor that influences weight gain?
Yes
132
Can cultural preferences influence whether food is served hot or cold?
Yes
133
What are some nutritional risk factors?
Poverty, vegetarians/vegans, lactose intolerance, n/v, anemia.
134
What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance?
Nausea, bloating, flatulence, diarrhea, intestinal cramping
135
What should a woman do if she weighs less before pregnancy?
Might need to gain more weight
136
What is one maternal condition that can pose a nutritional risk factor during pregnancy that is also a psychological disorder.
Eating disorders
137
How long does it typically take for a woman to heal from her first pregnancy before having another?
18-24 months
138
What is one nutritional recommendation for women with multiple fetuses?
Consume 300 extra calories per baby
139
What are food cravings often related to?
Changes in senses
140
What is pica?
Craving nonnutritive substances
141
What do some cultures believe about cravings?
Cravings are the baby having a craving and it needs to be satisfied so they dont die
142
How does smoking affect fetal growth?
Interferes with fetal growth
143
What is the recommended caffeine intake for pregnant women?
< 200 mg/day
144
What can alcohol be associated with in the baby?
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
145
What is the recommended amount of coffee intake?
Up to 8 oz
146
What are the risk factors for adolescents who are pregnant?
Higher risk for complications
147
What is an important consideration for the growth of both the mother and the fetus in adolescent pregnancies?
Mother's growth vs. fetal growth
148
What approach should healthcare providers take when giving suggestions to pregnant adolescents?
Minimize suggestions
149
What should healthcare providers focus on when caring for pregnant adolescents?
Important changes
150
How can healthcare providers actively involve pregnant adolescents in their care?
Ask for her input
151
How many additional calories does a lactating mother need during the first 6 months?
330 calories
152
How many additional calories does a lactating mother need during the second 6 months?
400 calories
153
Are there any food restrictions for a lactating mother?
No
154
What should a lactating mother avoid consuming?
Alcohol and caffeine
155
What is a safe rate of weight loss for a lactating mother that does not compromise milk supply?
1-1.5 lbs./week
156
What should a nonlactating mother's pre-pregnancy diet include to promote healing?
Protein and vitamin C
157
What should a nonlactating mother continue to take after delivery?
Prenatal vitamins
158
How long should a nonlactating mother wait after delivery before dieting?
Three weeks
159
How long should they let their injuries heal before exercising after delivering?
3 weeks
160
How much weight can be lost immediately?
10-13 lbs.
161
How much weight can be lost during the first week?
7-11 lbs.
162
What is the average weekly weight loss?
1-1.5 lbs.
163
How much weight can be lost within the first year?
All but 2.2 lbs.
