Limbic System

Question 1

The limbic system consists of:

a. portions of cerebral cortex, cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus
b. amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus
c. hippocampus and caudate nucleus
d. a and b
e. a and c

Answer 1

d. a and b

Limbic system involved in emotional responses and drive-related behaviors and memory. It consists of areas of the brain involved in these functions.

Question 2

Limbic system generates feelings/emotions from _____, and bridges _____ responses to environmental changes

Answer 2

generates emotions from SENSORY INPUTS

autonomic, voluntary responses

Question 3

In the limbic system, the _____ is responsible for emotional responses, while the _____ is responsible for learning and memory

a. hippocampus, amygdala
b. nucleus acumbens, hippocampus
c. amygdala, hippocampus
d. hippocampus, nucleus acumbens
e. amygdala, nucleus acumbens

Answer 3

c. amygdala, hippocampus

Question 4

The limbic cortex:

a. only consists of subcortical nuclei
b. consists of 3-layered allocortex of hippocampus & septal area
c. consists of mesocortex in parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate, and insula
d. b and c
e. none of the above

Answer 4

d. b and c

Question 5

Which of the following is/are considered subcortical nuclei of the limbic system?

a. amygdala
b. hypothalamus
c. nucleus accumbens
d. reticular formation
e. all of the above are subcortical nuclei of the limbic system

Answer 5

e. all of the above are subcortical nuclei of the limbic system

Question 6

_______ gets info from olfactory areas (minor) and many other areas (major)

Answer 6

Entorhinal cortex

Question 7

Afferents to the hippocampus within the limbic system include:

a. input from septal nuclei
b. entorhinal cortex
c. output from subiculum
d. a and b
e. all of the above

Answer 7

d. a and b

Question 8

input from septal nuclei (afferent to hippocampus) affects chances that _______

Answer 8

information in the hippocampus will be retained

Question 9

Name the three zones of the hippocampus

Answer 9

1. Dentate gyrus
2. Hippocampus proper (cornu ammonis)
3. Subiculum: the transition between hippocampus proper and adjacent parahippocampal cortex

Question 10

____ neuron projects to CA3

Answer 10

dentate

Question 11

CA3 neuron projects into

Answer 11

fimbria & CA1

Question 12

CA1 neuron projects to ______

Answer 12

subiculum

Question 13

subiculum projects to _____

Answer 13

fimbria

-alvear pathway

Question 14

______ projects to entorhinal cortex

Answer 14

subicular neuron

Question 15

Entorhinal neuron projects to ______

Answer 15

sensory cortex

Question 16

Efferents from the hippocampus include

a. outputs from subiculum
b. outputs from entorhinal cortex
c. a and b
d. none of the above

Answer 16

c. a and b

Question 17

Fornix

a. is the direct continuation of the fimbria
b. has a short course under the corpus callosum
c. a and b
d. neither a nor b

Answer 17

a. is the direct continuation of the fimbria

b is incorrect because it has a LONG course under the corpus callosum

Question 18

hippocampal connections involve:

a. fornix
b. axons from subiculum and hippocampus
c. crus
d. a and b
e. all of the above

Answer 18

e. all of the above

Question 19

The trunk involved in hippocampal connections is formed by the joining of the right and left ______ near the hippocampal commissure

the trunk divides into two pillars, which split near _______

Answer 19

crus, anterior commissure

Question 20

Precommissural fibers are for the septal area, while postcommissural fibers are for ________

Answer 20

hypothalamus and mammillary body

Question 21

Which of the following are involved in the Papez circuit?

a. Neurons in cingulate gyrus project back
b. Projection into entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
c. Projections from anterior nucleus of thalamus to cingulate cortex
d. Fornix and mammillothalamic tract
e. all of the above

Answer 21

e. all of the above

Question 22

The hippocampus is responsible for ______ memory

a. short-term
b. long-term
c. working
d. b and c
e. all of the above

Answer 22

e. all of the above

Question 23

What are the three categories of long-term memory?

Answer 23

1. Explicit
2. Semantic
3. Implicit

Question 24

Match the following descriptions to a) Explicit memory b) Implicit memory and c) Semantic memory

1. Performing a learned motor function, like riding a bike
2. Pertains to spoken/ written words, extended to knowledge of facts/ concepts
3. Recall of facts/ events, aka declarative memory or episodic memory

Answer 24

1 b 2 c 3 a

Question 25

What is the process of storing new info in long-term memory called?

Answer 25

Consolidation

Question 26

Novel facts are relayed from sensory association areas to ______ for encoding, processed, encoded info sent back to association area it came from and (for the most part) does not depend on hippocampus for ________

Answer 26

hippocampus, retrieval

Question 27

Declarative memory is also called ______

Answer 27

explicit memory

Question 28

Because of bilateral removal of hippocampi, you should expect what in your patient?

a. impaired declarative memory
b. inability to form new episodic memories
c. inability to form new semantic memories
d. intact working memory (ability to learn new skills unaffected)
e. all of the above

Answer 28

e. all of the above

HM example

Question 29

The amygdala:

a. is located in the anterior, medial temporal lobe
b. merges with the periamygdaloid cortex (part of uncus)
c. Has 3 nuclear groups: medial, central, and lateral
d. a and b
e. all of the above

Answer 29

d. a and b

c is incorrect, because the 3 nuclear groups are medial, central, and BASOLATERAL

Question 30

The central nucleus of the amygdala is responsible for emotional responses, and the basolateral nucleus is also involved in emotional responses.

a. both statements are true
b. both statements are false
c. statement one is true, statement two is false
d. the first statement is false, the second statement is true

Answer 30

a. both statements are true

Question 31

The amygdala is primarily associated with the emotion of ____

Answer 31

fear

Question 32

All sensory association areas have direct input to the ____ nucleus for the amygdala afferents, as well as links to the ____ cortex via association fibers (so sensations can be cognitively evaluated)

Answer 32

LATERAL

PREFRONTAL

Most nuclei receiving afferents in the amygdala are laterally situated, so collectively termed lateral nucleus

Question 33

Visual areas of the amygdala are associated with anxiety states and _____

Answer 33

phobias