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Movement cards > Limb development > Flashcards

Limb development Flashcards

1
Q

When does limb development occur?

A

4-8 weeks

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2
Q

When are limb buds visible?

A

4 weeks

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3
Q

What are limb buds visible as at end of week 4?

A

Outpouchings from the ventrolateral body wall

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4
Q

What does the limb bud consist of at first?

A

Core tissue derived from lateral plate mesoderm

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5
Q

The plate mesoderm is covered in what?

A

Ectoderm

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6
Q

The mesoderm core differentiates into what?

A

Mesenchyme which = connective tissue and bones

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7
Q

Skeletal muscle comes from where?

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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8
Q

What does the paraxial mesoderm differentiate into?

A

Somites

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9
Q

The somites differentiate into a ventral what?

A

Sclerotome

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10
Q

Sclerotome forms what

A

vertebral column

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11
Q

What does the dorsolateral part of the somit form?

A

Dermomyotome = dermatome and myotome

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12
Q

What does the dermo and myotome give rise to?

A

Skin and muscle

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13
Q

Myotome differentiates into two parts?

A

Dorsal epimere, ventral Hypomere

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14
Q

Epimere forms what?

A

Back muscles dorsal rami

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15
Q

Hypomere forms what?

A

Thoracic and abdo muscles with ventral

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16
Q

Where does limb muscle come from?

A

Hypomere region adjacent to upper and lower limb buds

17
Q

Posterior condensation forms what?

A

Extensors and supinators

18
Q

Anterior condensation forms what?

A

Flexors and pronators

19
Q

When does limb rotation happen?

A

6-8 weeks

20
Q

Upper libs rotate how?

A

90 degrees laterally

21
Q

What does the rotation of limbs do that is important to dermotomes?

A

Spiral around limbs

22
Q

What does the lateral mesoderm secrete to control growth?

A

FGF10

23
Q

What does FGF10 induce?

A

Thickening of ectoderm apical ectoderm ridge

24
Q

What does the AER express?

A

FGF 4 & 8

25
Q

The rapid proliferation of the mesenchymal cells is called what?

A

Progress zone

26
Q

Dorsal ectoderm expresses?

A

Wnt7

27
Q

Ventral ectoderm expresses what?

A

Engrailed - 1

28
Q

What does engrailed 1 do?

A

Inhibits Wnt7

29
Q

Where is craniocaudal axis determined?

A

Zone of polarising activity

30
Q

What is expressed at the zone of polarising activity?

A

Sonic hedgehod

31
Q

Which direction does Sonic hedgehog move?

A

Caudally

32
Q

High concentration of sonic hedgehog does what?

A

Induces causdal sructures (little finger low concentration = cranial eg thumb

33
Q

Which week do limb buds flatten?

A

week 6

34
Q

What is amelia?

A

Absence of a limb loss of Fgf

35
Q

What is Meromelia?

A

Partial absence of a limb

36
Q

What is phocomelia?

A

flipper limb

37
Q

What is ectrodactyly?

A

Split hand and foot lobster claw

Movement cards (10 decks)

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