Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AMK style questions > Lily's PSA Cards > Flashcards

Lily's PSA Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Which drugs inhibit clopidogrel activation?

A

omeprazole and esomeprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In what condition would you NOT give aspirin?

A

atrial fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the advantages of DOACs?

A

no INR monitoring needed, fewer interactions, simpler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three main type of beta lactam antibiotics?

A

penicillins, carbapenems and cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why would fentanyl be chosen over morphine?

A

fentanyl more lipophilic and has faster onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Investigations for suspected paracetamol overdose?

A

paracetamol level sample 4h post ingestion or at time of ptn. + FBC, U&E, creatinine, LFTs, PTT (liver failure), blood glucose, ABG (acidosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which antibiotics can cause torsades de pointes?

A

macrolides
e.g erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which drug class can worsen symptoms of patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease?

A

beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which type of diuretics cause sexual dysfunction?

A

thiazide-like, like indapamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ion abnormality associated with thiazide diuretics?

A

Hyponatraemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

First line antihypertensive in pregnancy?

A

Labetalol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Women at high risk of developing pre-eclampsia should take?

A

75mg OD aspirin from 12 weeks gestation until birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which recreational drug causes placental abruption?

A

Cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common causes of delerium?

A

Mneumonic DELERIUM

Drugs and Alcohol
Eyes, ears and emotional state
Low output state
Infection
Retention (urine or stool)
Ictal
Underhydration/nutrition
Metabolic
Subdural/sleep deprivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Drugs used for secondary prevention of ACS?

A

mneumonic DABS

Dual antiplatelet therapy
ACEi
Beta blocker
Statin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nitrates for ACS are contraindicated in?

A

Hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to convert a codeine dose to morphine?

A

Divide by 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Respiratory disease caused by amiodarone?

A

pulmonary fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Precautions needed to take POP and antibiotics together?

A

Nil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which antibiotic causes red-orange discolouration of body fluids?

A

Rifampicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Drugs that can cause acute pancreatitis?

A

-Steroids
-Azathioprine, mesalazine
-Bendroflumethiazide, furosemide
-Sodium valproate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Contraindications of alpha blockers (like doxasocin)?

A
  • Postural hypotension
  • Micturition syncope in BPH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Risk of alpha blocker use in eye surgery?

A

Floppy iris syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Risk of first dose of alpha blockers like doxasocin?

A

Hypotension - give first dose at night/lower dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Caution giving alpha blockers for HTN in?
Heart failure and pregnancy
23
Tests done for amioderone?
Prior to treatment - TFT, LFT, U&E, CXR prior to treatment Every 6 months - TFT, LFT
24
Why shouldn't you prescribe trimethoprim with methotrexate?
Bone marrow suppression and pancytopenia due to both being anti-folate
24
Most common ACEi side effects?
A - Angiooedema C - Cough E - Elevated potassium I - 1st dose hypotension
25
Side effects of loop diuretics?
hypotension hyponatraemia hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia hypochloraemic alkalosis ototoxicity hypocalcaemia renal impairment (from dehydration + direct toxic effect) hyperglycaemia (less common than with thiazides) gout
26
Enzyme inhibitors
3 As 1. antibiotics - ciprofloxacin, clarithro/erythromycin 2. allopurinol 3. Amiodarone isoniazid cimetidine,omeprazole imidazoles: ketoconazole, fluconazole SSRIs: fluoxetine, sertraline ritonavir sodium valproate acute alcohol intake quinupristin
27
Drugs to be careful prescribing alongside warfarin?
enzyme inhibitors (like erythromcyin)
28
Steroid side effects?
Mnemonic = STEROIDS Stomach ulcers Thin skin oEdema Right and Left heart failure Osteoporosis Infection (including fungal) Diabetes Cushing's Syndrome and corticosteroids cause insomnia
29
NSAIDs cautions?
NSAID mnemonic No urine (renal failure) Systolic dysfunction (Heart failure) Asthma Indigestion Dyscradia (clotting abnormality)
30
Which antihypertensivesw can cause bradycardia?
Beta blockers and some CCBs
31
Antihypertensives that can cause electrolyte abnormalities?
ACEi and diuretics
32
Side effects of beta-blockers?
- Bradycardia - Hypotension - Wheeze in asthmatics - Worsen acute heart failure (helpful in chronic heart failure)
33
Side effects of calcium channel blockers?
- Hypotension - Bradycardia - Peripheral Oedema - Flushing - Chronic Heart Failure
33
Side effects of diuretics?
- Hypotension - Electrolyte abnormalities - Renal failure - Gout (thiazides) - Gynaecomastia (spironolactone and other potassium-sparing)
34
Which drugs should patients be given information on taking alongside levothyroxine?
Iron/calcium carbonate tablets can reduce absorption of levothyroxine, should be given 4 hours apart
35
When should you NOT give normal saline as replacement fluid?
- Hypernatraemia - give 5% dextrose - Hypoglycaemia - give 5% dextrose - Has ascites - give human albumin solution - Bleeding and shocked - blood
36
Enzyme inducers?
- Antiepileptics: phenytoin, carbamazepine - Steriods - Barbiturates: phenobarbitone - Rifampicin - St John's Wort - Chronic alcohol intake - Griseofulvin - Smoking (affects CYP1A2, reason why smokers require more aminophylline)
37
How much sodium is in a bag of 0.9% saline?
154 mmol
38
Drugs cautioned in ischaemic heart disease?
- Oestrogens - NSAIDs - Varenicline
39
Can ACEi be used in pregnancy?
Nope, teratogens
39
Drugs to be used with caution in asthma?
NSAIDS Beta-blockers Adenosine
40
Drugs that increase serum potassium? (5)
ACEi ARBs Spironolactone Potassium-sparing diuretics (amiloride) Potassium supplements
41
Drugs that decrease serum potassium?
Thiazide diuretics Loop diuretics Acetazolamide
42
Can you breast feed on amiodarone?
No
43
Opioids of choice in significant renal impairment?
Buprnorphine or fentanyl
44
Which class of diabetes medications are contraindicated in heart failure?
Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone)
45
Which regular mediciations must be stopped when macrolides are started?
Statins, due to increased risk of myopathy
46
Which antibiotics are enzyme inhibitors?
Ciprofloxacin and calrithro/erythromycin
47
GLP1 inhibitors are used for diabetics with what co-morbidity?
obesity (ozempic is a glp-1 inhibitor)
48
Which diabetes drugs are contraindicated in ketoacidosis?
DPP4i, sulfonylureas, SGLT2-i
49
Contraindications of metformin?
- Acute metabolic acidosis - eGFR <30 - underweight (give sulfonylurea instead)
50
Side effects of metformin?
GI upset - try modified release before switching drugs
51
Side effects of DPP4i diabetes drugs (gliptins)?
Acute pancreatitis
52
What effect does renal impairment have on insulin?
none, fine in any eGFR (doesnt matter if it did, massive hyperglycaemia is gonna kill a patient before renal failure)
53
Can patient become hypoglycaemic on metformin?
nah babes
54
Contraindication of gliptins?
ketoacidosis
55
CI of pioglitazone?
HF Bladder Ca (inc. previous) uninvestigated macroscopic haematuria avoid in fluid overload
56
Side effects of pioglitazone?
Increased risk of HF, bladder cancer and fractures
57
Sulfonylureas (Gliclazide) CIs?
Ketoacidosis and pregnancy
58
SEs of sulfonylureas
weight gain, hypos
59
SGLTi (flozins) contraindications?
CI in ketoacidosis, less effective when eGFR <45
60
Which class of diabetic medications cause hypos?
insulin and sulfonylureas
60
SEs with SGLTi (flozins)?
euglycaemic DKA - check urinary ketones hypoteniosn increased risk of UTIs and genital infections
61
Metoclopramide cautions?
parkisons young women - increased risk of dyskinesia
62
Best choices antiemetic?
cyclizine (but causes fluid retention) Metoclopramide (not in PD, good for HF) Ondansetron (not best prn, not in constipation)
63
methtrexate + NSAIDs?
= caution - increased risk of nephrotoxicity
64
Stop methotrexate when?
active infection
65
When not to give trimethoprim
on methotrexate
66
Regular pain relief best prescription?
no pain - no prescription mild - paracetomal 1g 6 hourly severe - co-codamol 30/5000 2 tablets 6 hourly oral (obvs like exemptions but good rule of thumb from textbook)
67
Best pain relief neuropathic pain?
amitryptiline 10mg oral nightly pregabalin 75mg oral 12 hourly duloxetine - diabetic neuropathy
68
High INR (5-8) and no bleeding?
omit wafarin for 2 days then reduce dose
69
INR 5-8, minor bleeding?
Omit warfarin and give 1-5mg IV vitamin K
70
INR 8+, no bleeding?
Omit warfarin and give 1-5mg po vitamin K
71
INR 8+ minor bleeding
omit warfarin and give 1-5mg IV vitamin K
72
Major bleed on wafarin?
Stop warfarin 5-10mg IV vit K prothrombin complex
73
GI bleeding mgmt?
2 large bore cannulae catheter and strict fluid monitoring crystalloid bolus cross match 6 units blood correct clotting abnormalities camera stop culprit drugs ?call surgeons
74
Correcting clotting abnormalities: If PT/aPTT more than 1.5x normal range, give?
FFP unless caused by warfarin - give prothrombin complex
75
if platelets under 50 + actively bleeding?
give platelets
75
Fluids in DKA?
1l normal saline stat 1l normal saline over 1 hour 1l normal saline over 2 hours then 4 then 8
76
Potassium in DKA?
K over 5.5 - add nothing if 4-5.5 add 20mmol kcl if less than 4 add 40mmol kcl
76
Bacterial Meningitis treatment?
high-flow oxygen 4-10mg dexamethasone IV unless severely immunocompromised LP (+/- CT Head) 2g cefotaxime IV (and if over 55 or severely immunocompromised give 2g ampicillin)
77
When glucose under 14 in DKA
add 10% dextrose at 125ml/hr
78
Insulin in DKA
fixed rate (actrapid) at 0.1 units/kg/hr
79
fluids in aki
500ml stat then 1l 4 hourly
80
What does 1% drug concentration mean?
1g in 100ml
81
Common SEs of gent and vanc?
nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
82
Which abx are most likely to cause c dif colitis
broad spectrums like cephlosporins and ciprofloxacin
83
Digoxin side effects?
N+V+D Blurred vision confusion drowsiness xanthopsia including halo vision
84
interaction between digoxin and potassium?
digoxin acts at a NaKATPase - low levels augment digoxin activity, high limit
85
Heparin ADRs?
haemorrhage, especially in renal failure or <50kg heparin induced thrombocytopenia
86
Amiodarone ADRs?
Pulmonary fibrosis thyroid disease grey skin corneal deposits
87
Lithium ADRs?
early - tremour intermediate - tiredness late - arrythmias, seizures, coma, renal failure, diabetes insipidus
88
Fludrocortisone ADRs?
hypertension, sodium and fluid retention
89
What happens if you prescribe beta blockers with verapamil?
hypotension and asystole, especialy IV verapamil
90
Drugs to stop before surgery?
COCP enoxaparin aspirin insulin - convert to sliding scale metformin - stopped day before, risk of lactic acidosis Lithium
91
Main SE of oral magnesium replacement?
Diarrhoea

AMK style questions (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions