Lights and Architectural Lighting Systems (PART 1) Flashcards
It is the branch of physics that relates to the properties of light and the function of vision.
Optics
It involves a study of the human visual system and how it interacts with light
Optics
The inability to distinguish colors
Color Blindness
It is the energy radiated in the form of a wave caused by an electric field interacting with a magnetic field.
Electromagnetic Radiation
It is measured as the distance from one peak of one wave to the next wave.
Wavelength
It is the number of wave cycles per second and expressed in units of Hertz (hz)
Frequency
It is the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation to which the human eye is sensitive
Visible light
Its that part of the EM spectrum capable of exciting the retina and ultimately producing a visual sensation
Visible light
Defined as the amount of light incident on (striking) a surface
Illuminance
Defined as the amount of light leaving an object
Luminance
It is the ratio of reflected light vs. the light striking the surface
Reflectance
It is the ratio of the light transmitted through body vs. the light illuminating the surface.
Transmittance
It is the ratio of the light absorbed vs. the light striking the surface
Absorptance
It is the ability to distinguish and interpret wavelengths of visible light
Color Perception
It is the ability to distinguish fine details. It is the “keenness” of vision that is necessary to perform tasks.
Visual acuity
A device that generates light
Lamp
It is a complete lighting unit,
which consists of a lamp (or lamps), lamp
socket(s), any lenses, refractors, or
louvers, any ballast (or ballasts), and the
housing.
Luminaire
It is the luminaire less the lamp(s). It includes the structural parts of a luminaire including any lenses, mounting supports, wiring, and ballasts, but does not
include the lamps.
Light fixture
It is the measure of the perceived power of light expressed in lumens (lm).
Luminous flux
It is the SI unit of luminous intensity—that is, the power emitted by a light source in a particular direction
Candela
the ratio of the light output of a light source (a specific lamp) to the electrical energy consumed to produce that light source.
Luminous efficacy
It is the color in lamp rating in Kelvin (K)
Correlated Color Temperature
Color Temperature less than about 3500 K
Warm Lighting
Color temperature greater than about 5000 K
Cool Lighting
Color Temperature of the lamp is between temperatures of 4500 and 6500 K
Daylighting
It is a method of numerically comparing the color distribution of a light source to a reference lamp
Color rendering index (CRI)
It is a graphic presentation of the quantities of light emitted by a lamp by wavelength component
Spectral power distribution curve
_______________ of a lamp is its median life expectancy, expressed in hours. It is the cumulative time that lapses before 50% of a representative group of lamps has failed and the other lamps in the group continue operating.
Rated Life
It emit visible light as a result of heating; they incandesce
Incandescent lamps (I)
It is is the familiar threaded base found with ordinary
lamps up to 300 W
Medium Base
It is a smaller threaded base used in ornamental
lighting such as chandeliers
Candelabra Base
It is a larger threaded base found on lamps that are
300 W or greater.
Mogul Base
are used in applications where the difficulty or
cost of changing lamps is prohibitive
Long-life lamps
are special versions of the standard
lamps that are helpful for rough or vibration service
Rough service lamps
in applications where lamps are
broken fairly often
Plastic coated lamps
are used in decorative and accent
lighting applications that require good control or
highlighting
Low-voltage lamps
are a smaller, brighter, and more expensive version of the incandescent lamp
Tungsten-halogen lamps/ halogen lamps
produces continuous light by passing electricity through a gas contained within the lamp
Gaseous discharge lamp
is a voltage transformer and current limiting device
designed to start and properly control the flow of power to discharge light sources such as fluorescent and HID lamps.
Ballast
the ratio of a lamp’s rated output (lumens) when it is operated on a specific commercially available ballast as compared to light output (lumens) when operated on a reference ballast
Ballast factor (BF)
composed of a tubular glass bulb that is covered with a thin phosphor coating on its inside surface
Fluorescent lamp
are filament like coils at the end(s) of the bulb that act as terminals for the electric arc.
Cathodes
are commercially available in straight, U-shaped of circular tubes in a variety of sizes, wattages, voltages, colors, and types of bases.
Linear fluorescent lamps (LFL)
are miniaturized fluorescent lamps
Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL)
the ratio of light (the luminous flux, in lumens) emitted by a fluorescent luminaire to the electrical energy consumed, including the ballast.
Luminaire efficacy rating (LER)
It produce a very bright light by discharging an arc when electrical current passes through a metal gas contained under high pressure in a glass bulb.
High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps
were the first commercially available HID lamps. These lamps are constructed of an internal quartz tube enclosed in an outer glass envelope.
Mercury vapor (MV) lamps
are constructed in a manner similar to MV lamps except that in addition to the mercury and argon, various metal halides are included in the gas fill.
Metal halide (MH) lamps
contain an internal arc tube made of a translucent ceramic material rather than quartz glass because of the high temperature (2350°F/1300°C) at which it operates
High-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps
are really a blend between HID and fluorescent technologies. These lamps are constructed of a large sodium-resistant glass tube containing sodium and a neon–argon gas mixture.
Low-pressure sodium (LPS) lamps
combine the luminous efficiency of an HID lamp with the good color rendering capability of an incandescent lamp
Blended lamps
refers to a type of lighting that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic light-emitting diode lights (OLEDs), or polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs), instead of traditional lighting sources that use an electrical filament or gas inside a glass bulb.
Solid-state lighting (SSL)
A semiconductor that consists of a chip of semiconducting material treated to create a structure with two-electron charged particles.
Light-emitting diode (LED)
Two types of fluorescent lamps
Linear FL and Compact FL
