Lighting Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Lighting-____our first decision
A
Lighting
2
Q
Lighting-Three light priorities
- ___ ____light from head to toe
- Soft even light in the ___
- Bonus: ___background
A
- Soft even light from head to toe
- Soft even light in the background
- Bonus: pretty background
3
Q
How to Find the Right Light-Open Shade:
- ___and ____ are shaded from the sun.
- ____ can look directly up and see the sky (nothing ____ ____ their head.)
A
- Subject, background
2. Subject, hanging over
4
Q
Lighting-Places to find open shade on a sunny day:
1.
2.
3.
A
- Buildings/architectural structures/awnings (not standing directly under)
- Trees (not standing under thick part)
- Mountains
5
Q
Light Priorities-3 Types of Light to Avoid
- ___ direct light
- ____ - ___ light
- ___ light
A
- Harsh direct light
- Two- tone light
- Spotty light
6
Q
Light Priorities-Harsh direct Light
A
Casts unflattering shadows, eyes look dark, exposes imperfections
7
Q
Light Priorities-Two Tone Light
A
Over-exposed backgrounds distract from your subject
8
Q
Light Priorities-Spotty Light
A
Splotches the sun on the subject, direct the light
9
Q
Back lighting-What is back lighting? __________ of light around the subjects head
A
Rim
10
Q
- Back lighting-Ways to find back lighting:
1. Find the place where the shade _____________ the sun
2. Crop the ___________ on the ground out of the shot
3. Look out when walking from ____ to ____
A
- meets
- sun
- location to location
11
Q
Back lighting-how to find
A
- Walk the subjects right to the line where the shade meets the sun (could be spotty line if from trees too)
- Tell the couple to take a few steps back (okay if there in the darker part)
- Watch the light on the couples’ heads.
12
Q
Back Light Trouble Shooting-What causes a sun flare?
A
When the sun hits your lens (focus is a challenge when the sun is hitting your lens directly too)
13
Q
Back Light Trouble Shooting-How to correct sun flares/not being able to focus.
- Shuffle your _________ in a horseshoe pattern
- Rotate your ___
- Use a ______ ____
- Get up, so you can shoot ____
- Use your ______
- Use _____ objects
- Use a ____
A
- feet
- couple
- lens hood
- down
- hand
- environmental
- reflector
14
Q
Selecting Backgrounds Strategically-Choose backgrounds that are ____________ in color
A
Light
15
Q
Selecting Backgrounds Strategically-Choose backgrounds that are ____ and ___-______
A
- Clean
2. Non-distracting
16
Q
Shooting in Green Places-
- Avoid the ____ spots
- Watch out for “ ____ ____”
- Find a spot where you can see a ___ _____
- Keep your subjects away from dark ____ ____
- Make the most of what you’re given
A
- Thickest
- Black holes
- Little Sky
- Tree trunks
17
Q
Reflector-
Reflector = anything that ____ light
A
Bounces
18
Q
Reflector-The more ___ light filling a face, the more flattering
A
Soft
19
Q
Reflector-Reflectors help with ___ shadows
A
Filing
20
Q
Reflector-Reflectors help most for ________ head shots
A
Tight
21
Q
Reflector-The perfect reflector combo: ____/____
A
Silver/Gold
22
Q
Natural Reflectors-
Avoid facing subjects towards _____________ walls and grounds
A
Colored
23
Q
***Natural Reflectors-
Avoid facing subjects towards _____________ walls and grounds
A
Colored
24
Q
Natural Reflectors-Look for ____colored walls and ___
A
- Light
- Ground
(also beaches, sand, snow, light colored pavement, cement, monuments)
25
Natural Reflectors-Place subjects on a ____-colored path or ___near the grass
1. Light
| 2. Walkway
26
Natural Reflectors-Maximize the natural reflector with ___ ____, and pair them with wide green shots
Tight shots
27
Natural Reflectors-Place your subjects on the ___ ____ near a natural reflector
Grass near
28
Schedule Portrait Sessions for Best Light-We start all sessions ___ hours before sunset.
2
29
Shooting in Harsh Light-
Peter Pan Light
1. Sun should be hitting your subject’s ___________
2. Your subject can look down and see their ____ in front of them
3. No ____ ____ on your subjects
1. Back
2. Shadow
3. Hot spots
30
Shooting in Harsh Light-
Peter Pan Light
1. Sun should be hitting your subject’s ___________
2. Your subject can look down and see their ____ in front of them
3. No ____ ____ on your subjects
1. Back
2. Shadow
3. Hot spots
31
Shooting in Harsh Light-background ___ light > ___ light because you can crop out the ground still
1. Spotty
| 2. Split
32
* **Shooting with Natural Light Indoors
1. Find big ___________
2. Turn _______ the lights
3. Find the best, ____ background and clear the clutter
4. Subtle ____________ with window
1. Window
2. Off
3. Cleanest
4.
33
Composition-Make the most of one location:
1. Full length ___ to ___
2. ___ body
3. ___ headshot
1. head to toe
2. half
3. tight
34
Horizon Lines-The horizon line is what communicates to the viewer’s eye that the photograph is straight
Look _________ the subject at the horizon line
Beyond
35
Rule of Thirds-Picture the photo being chopped into _________ pieces, your subject is on one of those lines
Three
36
Framing-Use the background to make your subjects _________
Pop
37
Framing-Ask yourself: When you're looking through the viewfinder, is there something in the ___ or ___ you can use to ___?
1. Foreground
2. Background
3. Frame
38
Layering-The closer your lens is to the thing you’re layering with, the ____and ___ it’s going to look
1. Blurrier
| 2. Dreamier
39
Layering-Most of the time, you _________ want your subjects to be camera aware
Don't
40
Layering-When choosing something to layer with, you just want to be careful that the ___ isn’t hitting the object too ____
1. Sun
2. Directly
(think that pretty technique where you use flowers, leaves, bush to peek through)
41
Layering-Crop out the _________
Ground
42
Flattering the Body with Composition-
| Shoot __________ whenever possible
Down
43
Flattering the Body with Composition-Cut ___ of their body out of the frame
Half
44
Flattering the Body with Composition-Avoid cropping at the ___________
Joints
45
Flattering the Body with Composition-Cut at the ___
Thigh
46
Flattering the Body with Composition-Use ____________ space
Negative
47
Mastering Exposure & Manual Mode-Exposure = How much _________ hits the camera’s sensor
Light
48
Mastering Exposure & Manual Mode-Overexposure = Too _________ light
Much
49
Mastering Exposure & Manual Mode-Underexposure = _______ enough light
Not
50
Mastering Exposure & Manual Mode-Highlights = ____parts
Brightest
51
Mastering Exposure & Manual Mode-___________ = Darkest parts
Shadows
52
Mastering Exposure & Manual Mode-Three components of exposure:
1. ____
2. ____
3. ____ ____
1. Aperture
2. ISO
3. Shutter speed
53
Mastering Exposure & Manual Mode-Aperture, ISO, and shutter speed affect:
1. The amount of ____ that hits the sensor
2. One other unique element of the photograph
Light
54
Aperture-Aperture = The size of the _________
Hole
55
Aperture-The size of the hole determines how much light hits the ___________
Sensor
56
Aperture-Wide open aperture = __________ of light gets in
Lots
57
Aperture-Smaller open aperture = ___________ light gets in
Less
58
Aperture-____________ = f stop
Aperture
59
Aperture-Depth of field is the amount of ___________ compared to your subject
Blur
60
Aperture-Aperture determines:
1. How much ___hits the sensor
2. How much of the image is in ____
1. Light
| 2. Focus
61
ISO-ISO = The camera’s _______________ to light
Sensitivity
62
ISO-Ideally, your ISO is as _________ as possible
Low
63
ISO-The higher the ISO, the more ___
Grain
64
ISO-The _____________ the location, the less grain you’ll see
Brighter
65
ISO-Find the ___ ISO to give you the amount of light you need
Lowest
66
Shutter Speed-Shutter speed = How _________ the camera’s “curtain” is open
Long
67
Shutter Speed-The longer the curtain is open, the ___________ light hits the sensor
More
68
Shutter Speed-The ___________ the curtain closes, the less light hits the sensor
Faster
69
Shutter Speed-The longer the curtain is open, the more ___________ you're at for the photo being out of focus
Risk
70
Depth of Field-More blur = More _________
Depth
71
Depth of Field-_____________ affects depth
Distance
72
Depth of Field-Depth of field is affected by:
1. The ______________ distance to the subject
2. The subject’s distance to the ______________
1. Photographer's
| 2. Background
73
Depth of Field-Want more blur?
1. Get _________ to your subject
2. Move your subject farther away from the _____
1. Closer
| 2. Background
74
Depth of Field-Want more in focus?
1. Get your subject closer to the ____
2. Get __________ away from your subject
1. Background
| 2. Farther
75
Focal Length-Focal length = What you see when you look through the lens and how __ the objects appear
Big
76
Focal Length-The longer the focal length, the softer and ___________ the background will appear
Bigger
77
```
Choosing lenses Strategically-Prime lenses have _______ fixed focal length
Prime:
- 50mm
- 85mm
- 100mm
```
One
78
Choosing lenses Strategically-For portraits, we prefer ____ lenses
Prime
79
Choosing lenses Strategically-Zoom lenses have ________ focal lengths
Zoom:
- 24-70mm
- 70-200mm
Many
80
Choosing lenses Strategically-Zoom lenses have ________ focal lengths
Zoom:
- 24-70mm
- 70-200mm
Many
81
Choosing lenses Strategically-Whenever possible, we avoid ___ ___ lenses for close-up portraits
Lenses for wedding photographers:
1. Details = 100mm & 50mm
2. ________ = 24-70mm
3. Portraits = 50mm & 85mm (avoid anything smaller than 50 for portraits or warped widening of face)
4. Ceremony = ___________
5. Reception = 24-70mm
2. Getting ready
| 4. 70-200mm
82
Choosing lenses Strategically-Lenses for portrait photographers:
1. Family =___mm
2. One to two people = ___mm
1. 50
| 2. 85
83
Crop Sensor vs. Full Frame-Full frame sensors give you a higher quality image and preform better in ___ _____ situations
Low light
84
Crop Sensor vs. Full Frame-It may be time to upgrade when you feel like your gear is ____ ____ ____ you back.
Starting to hold
85
Crop Sensor vs. Full Frame-Nikon shooters crop sensor is ______ multiplier
1.5
86
Crop Sensor vs. Full Frame-Canon shooters crop sensor is ___multiplier
1.6
87
Nailing Focus-Use ________ focus
Auto
88
Nailing Focus-Picture style: ___________
Standard
89
Nailing Focus-Magnification: ___ size from selected point
Actual
90
One Over Focal Length Rule-The slower the shutter speed, the more __________ you have for a blurry photo
Risk
91
One Over Focal Length Rule-Shutter speed must always be at least ________ stop faster than your focal length
1/3
92
One Over Focal Length Rule-For ____ ____, shutter speed should be double your focal length
Crop Sensor
93
Toggling vs. Recomposing-The __________ focal point is the strongest
Center
94
Toggling vs. Recomposing-Two ways to focus:
1. Toggle:
- Frame your shot
- Select your ___ point
Toggle until your focused on their _________
2. Focus and recompose:
Focus on your subject using the ___focal point then recompose the shot
1. Focal
2. Faces
3. Center
95
Toggling vs. Recomposing-Beware of ____ when recomposing
Tilting
96
Back Button Focus-
| Back button focus ___________ the focus from the shutter
Separates
97
Back button Focus-
1. ___ locks down button first
2. Index finger only controls ____
1. Thumb
| 2. Shutter
98
Selecting the Best Focal Point-
One person in the frame:
1. Choose the eye ___ to the camera
2. The _____________ the person is in the frame, the more of their face will be in the box
1. Closest
| 2. Smaller
99
Selecting the Best Focal Point-
Two people in the frame:
1. If they’re both looking, keep their faces on the same _____ _____
2. Choose the person ____ at the camera
3. Choose the person ________ to the camera
Tip: Keep ____ lined up when photographing multiple children or parent with child
1. Focal Plane
2. Looking
3. Closest
4. Noses
100
Focusing With Groups-
Two rows of people:
1. Bring second row as _________ to the first row as possible
2. Focus on the person in the front row who is in the ____
Three rows or more:
- 1/3 forward
- 2/3 back
1. Close
| 2. Center
101
Capturing Movement-
| ___ ___= Subject is still
One Shot
102
Capturing Movement-___ ______ = Subject is moving
Al Servo
103
Capturing Movement-Subject is still = ___ over focal length rule
One
104
Capturing Movement-Subject is moving = ________ shutter to freeze motion
Faster
105
Focus Tricks-If your lens won’t focus during low light situations, find high __________
Contrast
106
Focus Tricks-Every lens has a minimum focus ____
Distance
107
Focus Tricks-If all else fails, it might be time to:
1. Replace the _________
2. Recalibrate your ________
1. Shutter
| 2. Lens
108
Focus Tricks-If all else fails, it might be time to:
1. Replace the _________
2. Re calibrate your ________
1. Shutter
| 2. Lens
109
Bonus Focus Tricks-
If you can’t adjust any more of your settings, but you need to get people in focus, take your focal length and change your lens to a
____ number focal length
Lower
