Lighting

Question 1

ALS

Answer 1

Approach Light Systems

Question 2

LIH ALS

Answer 2

High Intensity Approach Light System
Calvert high-intensity uni-directional white type
Precision approaches at international aerodromes in combination with low-intensity red systems

Question 3

LIL ALS/2 bar

Answer 3

Low Intensity Approach Light System/2 bar
Precision approach

Question 4

LIL ALS/1 bar

Answer 4

Low Intensity Approach Light System/1 bar
Non precision runways

Question 5

CGL

Answer 5

Circling Guidance Lighting
For visual circling approaches.
Fixed or flashing amber

Question 6

RLLS

Answer 6

Runway Lead-in Lighting
When instrument approach not aligned with the runway (i.e. NZWR)

Question 7

VASIS

Answer 7

Visual Approach Slope Indicator Systems

Question 8

T-VASIS

Answer 8

Four lights - on profile.
Upside down T (lights extend above the bar) - high.
T (lights extend below bar) - low, red when urgent.
AT-VASIS - one side of runway only.

Question 9

RAE red-white VASIS

Answer 9

Four lights, dice arrangement.
All white - high.
Upwind red/downwind white - on profile.
All red - low.

Question 10

PAPI

Answer 10

Precision Approach Path Indicator.
2 outer white/2 inner red - on 3 degree slope.
All white - high.
All red - low.

Question 11

TCH

Answer 11

Threshold Crossing Heights.
Generally 50ft +/- 5ft.
Set for largest aircraft when mixed (i.e. AKL at 73ft).
For smaller means touchdown further and fly up indication when close.

Question 12

Coverage (T-VASIS, VASIS, PAPI)

Answer 12

6 degrees vertical.
5 degrees either side of centreline (day).
7.5 degrees either side of centreline (night).
4nm range.

Question 13

Indication Errors

Answer 13

Atmospheric conditions can cause refraction of light.
Extra lights, colour changes, distortion of slope angle.
Haze, smoke, dust, rain, mist or light fog.

Question 14

REDL

Answer 14

Runway Edge Lighting.
White - Spacing not more than 60m for instrument/100m for non instrument.

Question 15

RTHL

Answer 15

Runway Landing Threshold Lighting.
Unidirectional green - full width or two bars either side.

Question 16

RENL

Answer 16

Runway End Lighting.
Red - length of runway or with gap.

Question 17

RCLL

Answer 17

Runway Centreline Lighting.
Precision approach runway.
White till 900m to go.
Alternating white/red till 300m to go.
Red till end.

Question 18

RTZL

Answer 18

Runway Touchdown Zone Lighting.
Wing bar of white lights either side of runway lights. Only visible on approach.

Question 19

REIL

Answer 19

Runway End Indicator/Identifier Lights.
Very high intensity unidirectional light projector system. Flashing.
On either side of the runway, downwind of the landing threshold.

Question 20

PAL

Answer 20

Pilot Activated Lighting.
Number of short rapid transmissions to activate.
Repeat then hold last to change brilliance.
Turns off after period of no transmissions.

Question 21

Taxiway Lighting

Answer 21

Blue side or green centreline

Question 22

WDI

Answer 22

Wind Direction Indicator lighting (for windsock)

Question 23

ABN

Answer 23

Aerodrome Beacon.
Flash white or alternate green/white.

Question 24

Obstruction Lighting

Answer 24

Low intensity steady red (regular).
Medium intensity flashing red (early or special warning).
Flashing white (strobe) for day/night marking of tall structures.

Question 25

Characteristics
F, FLG, Gp FLG, OCC, Alernating

Answer 25

F - fixed.
FLG - flashing (light shorter than dark).
Gp FLG - group flashing.
OCC - occulting (dark shorter than light).
Alternating - different colours alternating.