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Facilities Prelim > Lighting > Flashcards

Lighting Flashcards

1
Q

Vocab

A

Lamp or bulb
Socket
Fixture or Luminaire

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2
Q

Light Output

A

Lumens and footcandles

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3
Q

Lumens (or Lux – metric)

A

Measures perceived power of light. The amount of visible light that actually falls on a given surface.

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4
Q

Footcandles

A

Measurement of illumination or light density.
1 footcandle = a light intensity of 1 lumen/SF

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5
Q

Colour

A

CCT and CRI

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6
Q

CCT –Correlated Colour Temperature

A

Measures Kelvin range – colour temperature (warm to cold)

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7
Q

CRI –Colour Rendition Index

A

Ability of the light source to reproduce the colours of objects faithfully (results similar to sunlight)

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8
Q

Efficacy

A

How well a light source produces light
Efficacy - lumens/watt

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9
Q

Warm Kelvin range (yellows to reds)

A

3000K

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10
Q

Neutral Kelvin range (yellows to reds)

A

3500K

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11
Q

Cool Kelvin range (whites to blues)

A

4100K

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12
Q

Daylight Kelvin range (whites to blues)

A

5000K

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13
Q

Kelvin range

A

Warmer –> low
Cooler –> high

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14
Q

CRI Range

A

80-85 is acceptable for the hospitality industry. Designers are more particular. Some tech only work outside or inside. The higher the number, the more accurately the bulb reproduces colours accurately.

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15
Q

Strike Time

A

The amount of time it takes from the time the switch is turned on and the lamp reaches its full brightness
-new CFLs (Compact fluorescent lamps) are almost instantaneous
-street lights with mercury vapour can take up to 15 minutes

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16
Q

Incandescent Lighting

A

Electric current sent through the base of the bulb travels up a filament
The filament heats up, then turns to incandescence, producing light
These lamps are easily dimmable
They have high operating costs
These are being phased out in favour of more efficient lamps

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17
Q

Electric Discharge Lighting

A

Two components:
-gas-filled tube
-electric or magnetic ballast
Electricity heats up gas inside the lamp which produces light
These lamps require ballasts
Most common, fluorescent (including CFLs)

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18
Q

Types of florescent light tubes

A

T5, T8, T12

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19
Q

“T” in T5, T8, T12

A

The “T” in lamp nomenclature represents the shape of the lamp – diametre

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20
Q

Number in T5, T8, T12

A

Usually represents the diametre of the lamp in 1/8
T5 lamps have a diameter equal to 5 times a 1/8, or 5/8”

21
Q

Ballast

A

Acts as a small transformer in the lighting circuit
Can be integrated into the lamps now in some cases
-give off heat
-make noise
-do not dim well
-older ballasts can cause low power factors

22
Q

Electric Discharge Lighting Examples

A

High-Intensity Discharge Lamps (HID)
Mercury Vapour HID Lamps
Metal Halide HID Lamps
-used for high levels of light over large areas (parking lots, stadiums, highways)
-long strike and re-strike times

23
Q

LED Lighting

A

Solid state light – semiconductors that produce visible light when electrical current passes through
-increased flexibility with colour
-long life
-highly energy efficient
-dimmable
-excellent for restaurant applications

24
Q

Heat produced by LEDs must be…

A

drawn away, usually by employing a heat sink

25
Q

Heat Sink

A

A passive device that absorbs and dissipates heat
This thermal management is vital to the successful performance of an LED product

26
Q

Super Bowl Blackout

A

“A piece of equipment that is designed to monitor electrical load sensed an abnormality in the system…once the issue was detected, the relay sensing equipment operated as designed and opened a breaker, causing power to be partially cut to the Superdome in order to isolate the issue…”

High Intensity Discharge lamps take 5-20 minutes to relight

27
Q

Efficacy

A

The capacity to produce an effect

28
Q

Light Efficacy

A

How well a light source produces light

29
Q

Lamp Efficacy =

A

Lumens (amount of light that falls on a surface)/Watts (power)
-> the higher the better

30
Q

Lumen Maintenance

A

The lamp’s ability to maintain its output over time

31
Q

Uniform Lighting

A

Down lights spread evenly across an area. Ex. any big box retailer like Target

32
Q

Task Lighting

A

Specific lighting on a work surface. Ex. desk lamp, lights over each table at a dim restaurant, light at washroom sink

33
Q

Ambient Lighting

A

A hidden light source that washes the room with a glow, is often used to set a mood. Ex. lights focused upward in a design that casts a reflection

34
Q

Accent Lighting

A

Focused on a specific object, useful light. Ex. light fixture attached to framed art, light focused on liquor bottles

35
Q

Dimmable Lighting

A

Ability to modify lighting settings to create a specific mood or environment

36
Q

Lighting Schemes

A

Common to use different lighting schemes in the same space to establish:
-mood
-highlight features
-define spaces
-other design elements

37
Q

Diffuser

A

Helps smooth out/diffuse light, keeps light clean, protect from tampering

38
Q

Lens

A

Can lights, covers bulb for aesthetic and cleanliness reasons, prevent tampering

39
Q

Baffle/Louver

A

Amplify light, metal surface

40
Q

Management Corner

A

Retro-fit lighting to more energy-efficient options (life cycle costing)
Tax credits/rebates to offset the cost of retro-fit
How does this impact your design scheme
Maintenance must adhere to the specifications of bulbs in fixtures to preserve the integrity of your design intent

41
Q

Maintenance Corner

A

Inventory of lamps, ballasts, globes, diffusers
Cleaning to maintain light output (typically semi-annual)
Weather impacts lighting
Group relamping (LCC)
UL-rated lamps – tests to ensure minimal risk of electrical fires, etc.
Ensure proper footcandles in spaces for safety

42
Q

Sustainability – Control Lighting

A

Dimming
Motion sensors
Infrared sensors
Timers

43
Q

Sustainability – Daylighting

A

Optimize, enhance productivity, save energy

44
Q

Sustainability – Proper disposal of hazardous elements

A

Mercury in electric discharge lamps
Ballasts made prior to 1980 contain PCB toxins

45
Q

Sustainability – Photocell

A

Control for exterior lighting
-> Sky turns dark, lights turn on, sky gets light, light turns off

46
Q

Life Cycle Cost (LCC)

A

Cost of an asset throughout its life cycle while fulfilling the performance requirements

47
Q

Life Cycle Cost focus on (for this class)

A

Initial Investment
Operations + Maintenance Costs
Replacement Costs
Residual Value or Salvage Value

48
Q

Considerations for LCC

A

Design (CRI), mood (CCT), functionality (amount of light produced or dimming capability), replacement bulb availability, disposal -> may have to pay to recycle compact fluorescent

Facilities Prelim (4 decks)

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