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Facilities Prelim > Building Exteriors > Flashcards

Building Exteriors Flashcards

1
Q

Dead Loads

A

Permanent

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2
Q

Live Loads

A

Changing

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3
Q

Static Loads

A

Constant but changes (ex. elevator)

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4
Q

Dynamic Loads

A

Rapid growth, potential failures (ex. tree falling onto building)

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5
Q

Resonant Forces

A

Rhythmic
Tangential (wind)

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6
Q

Thermal Loads

A

Temperature changes

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7
Q

Programming

A

How is the building going to be used, structural considerations

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8
Q

Tensile Stress

A

Down and out force

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9
Q

Compressive Stress

A

Pull and inward force

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10
Q

Shear Stress

A

Tangential, up/down on each side

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11
Q

Goal

A

Remain standing by resisting varying loads (calculated by the architect/engineer; then compared to local building codes)
Provide a way to move the load from the point of impact to the most steady part object – the ground beneath the building
Provide redundancies so if a structural element were damaged or removed, a fatal collapse would not be imminent

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12
Q

Structural Frame

A

Building’s skeleton that supports the building

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13
Q

Steel

A

Very resistant to compressive, tensile, and shear stresses
-bends but doesn’t melt at relatively low fire temperatures
-fireproofing material

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14
Q

Type: Original Working Drawings

A

Who: Architect/Engineer
Intent: Sent to contractor for pricing. Used by contractor when building in the field

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15
Q

Type: Shop Drawings

A

Who: Contractor/Sub-Contractor/Specialist
Intent: Confirms to the architect/engineer that the contractor understands what is to be built, and how it is to be built. Takes into account actual field conditions, which may often vary from what is described in the original working drawings

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16
Q

Type: As-Built Drawings

A

Who: Contractor
Intent: Documents what was actually built

17
Q

Kansas City Hyatt Disaster

A

Walkway system was underdesigned and lacked redundancy
One single pole turned into two suspended holes, one platform held weight for two rather than one
Tensile stress

18
Q

Concrete

A

Very resistant to compressive stress
-reinforced concrete floor slab or deck
-regular concrete ie not very resistant to tensile stresses
-> reinforced concrete is resistant to tensile stresses

19
Q

Reinforced Concrete

A

Wire mesh, very resistant to tensile stresses

20
Q

Vapour Barrier

A

Usually made of plastic and used to deter moisture transference

21
Q

Parking Garages

A

Concrete parking decks require periodic PM work and repairs
Northern climates that use salt on roads in winter accelerate deterioration of epoxy seal and rusting of wire mesh in concrete
A breakdown in the seal can also result in lime leaching from the concrete
-lime is a natural by-product of concrete

22
Q

R-Value

A

Thermal resistance – high is good
-how well building materials resist the flow of heat
-the higher the number, the more efficient the facade system in reducing cooling costs
-are cumulative

23
Q

Facade Purpose

A

Mitigate Air Infiltration
-building seals, vents, windows
Sound Attenuation
-acoustic abilities

24
Q

EIFs (Exterior Insulation Finishing System) in Hospitality

A

Most suburban mid-scale, extended stay, limited service, and budget hotels have EIFs cladding
-should last 30-35 years

25
Q

Weep Holes

A

If your facade allows some water pass, make sure that water can escape
-building wrap/vapour barrier on the inside

26
Q

Facade Damage

A
  1. design deficiencies
  2. poor selection of materials
  3. improper construction
  4. deferred maintenance
    -> maintenance activity that should be done but is not
  5. applied forces
  6. weight
  7. vibrations
  8. pollution
  9. vandalism
  10. air (especially oxygen)
    11 temperature (in extremes)
  11. wind (pressure and suction)
  12. water
27
Q

Facade Maintenance

A

Painting
Cleaning – mold, graffiti, pollution
-use high-pressure watching
Inspecting – at least 2/yr
Repairing –cracks, loose mortar, sealants

28
Q

Windows

A

New buildings have fixed windows (non-operable)
Single glazed – one pane of glass
Double glazed – two panes of glass
Tinted –coating designed to reflect heat and maintain a cooler building in summer and warmer in winter

29
Q

Sustainability and Facades

A

High R-Value
-facade and windows
Windows double pane
Property Facade and window seals – weather stripping
Double or revolving doors
Window tinting
Sealed windows
Capture energy from your revolving doors

30
Q

Build-Up Membrane Roofing (BUR)

A

Very durable
High insulation factor
Higher costs
-20-30 years

31
Q

Single-Ply Membrane Roofing

A

Vinyl material, flexible, easy to install, ease to repair, cost effective

32
Q

Flashing

A

Transition between membrane and other objects on the roof

33
Q

Coping

A

Cap on parapet walls

34
Q

Roof Drains

A

Slope your flat roof so rain/snow can drain away
-make sure drains have caps to prevent build-up of debris
-other equipment
-metal coping
-AHU, equipment curb, equipment stand

35
Q

Equipment Curbs

A

Don’t put equipment directly on roofing membrane
-use stands

36
Q

Infrared Roof Scan

A

Pinpoints moisture penetration under roof membrane
-measures temperature

37
Q

Maintenance – Roofs

A

2x annual for:
-membrane deterioration
-water blisters
-ponding water
-coping impact damage
-rusting metal
Supplement when possible with infrared scans (at 10 years or when work is scheduled)
Before heavy rain, check roof drain for debris
Keep detailed historical files
Limit access on roofs
When other trades must access roof, photos before & after, and set ground rules
Flashing

38
Q

Sustainability & Roofs

A

R-value?
Solar reflectivity index (SRI) of roof
Avoid traditional bitumen (asbestos)
Greening roof
White roof/cool pigments (high solar reflectance)
Solar panels on roof

Facilities Prelim (4 decks)

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