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GenBio > Light Reactions > Flashcards

Light Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What does Redox mean?

A

Reduction-Oxidation

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2
Q

What is oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions?

A

The redox reactions involve electrons passing from one molecule to another

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3
Q

Oxidation is the _____________ of electrons while Reduction is the ______________ of electrons

A

loss; gain

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4
Q

What are the tasks of ATP?

A
  1. Chemical work: ATP is used for building macromolecules
  2. Transport work: ATP is used for transporting ions membranes
  3. Mechanical work: ATP is used for mechanical processes such as muscle contraction, cilia movement
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5
Q

How do plants harness light energy to manufacture food?

A

Photosynthesis

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6
Q

How do living organisms harness energy from food?

A

Cellular Respiration

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7
Q

Formula of Photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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8
Q

Formula of Cellular Respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H20

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9
Q

Plants are ____________. This term means “self-feeders” in Greek.

A

Autotrophs

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10
Q

Autotrophs make their own food and thus sustain themselves without?

A

Eating other organisms or even organic molecules

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11
Q

Plants are referred to as the ____________ of the biosphere

A

Producers

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12
Q

Plants are not only the producers certain ________, _______, and ________ also make food molecules from inorganic materials

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Protists

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13
Q

All organisms that use light energy to make food molecules are called?

A

Photosynthetic Autotrophs

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14
Q

______, _____, and _____________________ all use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water

A

Plants; Algae; Photosynthetic Bacteria

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15
Q

All green parts of a plant have ____________ and can carryout photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

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16
Q

In most plants, what part of the plant has the most chloroplasts?

A

The leaves

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17
Q

The green color in plants comes from where?

A

Chlorophyll pigments in chloroplasts

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18
Q

Chloroplasts are concentrated in the cells of the _________.

A

Mesophyll

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19
Q

What is the definition of Mesophyll?

A

Mesophyll is defined as the green tissue in the interior of the leaf

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20
Q

Carbon dioxide enters the leaf and the oxygen exits by way of tiny pores called?

A

The Stomata

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21
Q

The chloroplasts’s inner membrane is filled with?

A

Stroma

22
Q

What is Stroma?

A
  1. It is a thick fluid
  2. It is where sugars are made from carbon dioxide and water
23
Q

What is Thylakoid?

A
  1. It is suspended in the air
  2. It is a system of dislike membranous sacks
24
Q

Grana are __________ that are concentrated in stacks

A

Thylakoids

25
Q

The thylakoid membranes house much of the machinery that converts _____ energy to ________ energy

A

Light; Chemical

26
Q

Sunlight is a type of energy called _________ or _________________________

A

Radiation; Electromagnetic Energy

27
Q

The distance between the crests of two adjacent waves is called?

A

Wavelength

28
Q

Light-absorbing molecules called pigments in the membranes of a granum absorb what color wavelengths?

A

Mainly Blue Violet and Red Orange

29
Q

Chlorophyll A absorbs mainly?

A

Violet and Red Orange light

30
Q

Does Chlorophyll A participate directly in the light reactions?

A

Yes

31
Q

Chlorophyll B absorbs mainly?

A

Blue and Orange light

32
Q

Does Chlorophyll B participate directly in the light reactions?

A

No

33
Q

Chloroplasts contains a family of yellow-orange pigments called ___________, which absorbs mainly blue-green light.

A

Carotenoids

34
Q

Carotenoids has a protective function that does what?

A

It absorbs and dissipates excessive light energy that would otherwise damage the chlorophyll

35
Q

What color of light is least effective in driving photosynthesis?

A

Green

36
Q

A ______ is a fixed quantity of light energy, and the shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy

A

Photon

37
Q

What happens when a pigment molecule absorbs a photon?

A

One of the pigment’s electrons gains energy and the electron has been raised from a ground state to an excited state.

38
Q

When illuminated, the chlorophyll emits heat and photons of light that produce a reddish after glow as electrons fall from excited state to the ground state. What is this afterglow called?

A

Fluorescence

39
Q

What are the two types of Photosystem?

A

Photosystem I and Photosystem II

40
Q

What is the reaction center in Photosystem I?

A

P700

41
Q

What is the reaction-center of Photosystem II?

A

P680

42
Q

Light reactions use ________ in order to initiate electron transfer

A

Sunlight

43
Q

Light reactions are used to?

A

Form ATP through phosphorylation

44
Q

Key events of the light reactions of photosynthesis are?

A
  1. Absorption of Light Energy
  2. Excitation of Electrons by Light Energy
  3. Formation of ATP and NADPH using energy made available by the cascade of energized electrons down the electron transport chains
45
Q

What is the waste product of the light reactions?

A

O2

46
Q

What are the products of the light reactions?

A

NADPH, ATP, O2

47
Q

The synthesis of ATP is driven by what process?

A

Chemiosmosis

48
Q

There is a flow of electrons from ____________ molecules to _____________, which is reduced to __________, the source of
electrons for sugar synthesis in the _________________ cycle.

A

Water, NADP+, NADPH, Calvin

49
Q

The chemiosmosis production of ATP is referred to as?

A

Phosphorylation

50
Q

Protons “want” to diffuse back
down the gradient into the stroma, and their only route of passage is through the enzyme?

A

ATP Synthase

51
Q

Why does Cyclic Electron Flow exist?

A
  1. When CO2 concentration is less in the atmosphere
  2. When need for ATP outweighs the need for NADPH

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