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A- Level Biology - Photosynthesis > Light indepdent reaction > Flashcards

Light indepdent reaction Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the products of light-dependent reaction

e.g ATP and reduced NADP used in light independent reaction?

A

To reduce glycerate 3-phosphate in the second stage of photosynthesis

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2
Q

Why is light independent reaction different from light-dependent reaction?

A

Does not require light directly and in theory occurs whether light is available or not

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3
Q

What does it require?

A

The products of light-dependent stage and so rapidly cases when light is absent

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4
Q

Where does it take place?

A

In the stroma of the chloroplasts

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5
Q

What is the details of this stage worked out by?

A

Melvin Calvin

e.g

Calvin Cycle

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6
Q

What is the first step of light independent (LIR)?

A
  • The carbon dioxide from the atmosphere diffuses into the leaf through the stomata
  • It dissolves in water around the walls of the mesophyll cells
  • It diffuses through the cell-surface membrane, cytoplasm and chloroplast membrane into stroma of the chloroplast
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7
Q

What is the second step of lihgt independent reaction?

A
  • In the stroma, carbon dioxide reacts with 5-carbon compound of RuBP
  • A reaction catalysed by an example called rubsico
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8
Q

What is the full name of RuBP?

A

Ribulose Bisphosphate

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9
Q

What is full name of rubsico?

A

Rublose bisphosphate carboxylase

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10
Q

What is the third stage of light independent reaction?

A

The reaction between carbon dioxide and RuBP produces two molecules of 3-carbon GP

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11
Q

What is full name of GP?

A

Glycerare 3-phosphate

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12
Q

What is fourth stage of light independent reaction?

A

Reduced NADP from LDR is used to reduce GP to TP using energy supplied by ATP

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13
Q

What is the full name of TP?

A

Triose phosphate

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14
Q

What is the fifth step of LIR?

A

NADP is re-formed and goes back to the LDR reaction to be reduced again by accepting more protons

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15
Q

What is the sixth step of LIR?

A

Some TP molecules are converted to organic substances that plant requires such as starch, cellulose, lipids, glucose , amino acids and nucleotides

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16
Q

What is the seventh step of LIR?

A

Most TP molecules are used to regenerate RP using ATP from LDR

17
Q

What proportion of TP is used to regenerate RuBP?

A

5/6

(1/6 - used to make organic molecules)

18
Q

Why Calvin Cycle needs to turn six times to make one hexose sugar?

A
  • Three turns of cycle produce six TP because 2 TP made for one CO2 used
  • 5/6 of TP used to regenerate RuBP
  • Three turns of cycle only one TP is produced thats for hexose sugar
  • A hexose has six carbons , two TP need to form one hexose sugar
  • Cycle turn six times to make two molecules of TP used to make sugar
  • Six out of the cycle need 18 ATP and 12 NADPH from LDR
19
Q

What keeps the cycle going?

A

Make sure there is enough RuBP

ready to combine with CO2 in atmosphere

20
Q

Diagram of Calvin Cycle

A
21
Q

Diagram of total no in Calvin Cycle

A
22
Q

What is carbon fixation?

A

Addition of C02 to RuBP

23
Q

What is Calvin cycle the starting point for?

A

Making all organic substances a plant needs

Tp and GP molecules are used to make carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids?

24
Q

How are carbohydrates made?

A

Hexose sugar e.g glucose

Joined two TP molecules together

Larger carbohydrate made (e.g sucrose, cellulose) by joining hexose sugar in different ways

25
Q

How are lipids made?

A

Made from using glycerol which is synthesised from TP and fatty acids which are synthesised from GP

26
Q

How are amino acids made?

A

Some are made from GP

27
Q

How is the fluid of the stroma adapted for LIR?

A

It is membrane bound in the chloroplast

Chemical envirnoment has high concentration of enzyme and subtrates be maintined within it

Distinct from the envirnoment of the cytoplasm

28
Q

How is the stroma fluid surrounding grana adapted?

A

Products of LDR reaction in grana can readily diffuse in the stroma

29
Q

How chloroplats containg DNA and ribosomes adapted for LIR?

A

Quickly manfacture some proteins involed in LIR

A- Level Biology - Photosynthesis (6 decks)

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