Light and Sound

Question 1

A wave transfers _______. It does not transfer _________.

Answer 1

Energy, matter

Question 2

In a __________ wave the vibration of the particles is perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

Answer 2

transverse

Question 3

In a _______ wave the vibration of the particles is parallel to the direction of energy transfer

Answer 3

longitudinal

Question 4

Transverse wave- the _________ of the particles is ___________ to the direction of energy transfer

Answer 4

vibration/oscillation, perpendicular

Question 5

Longitudinal wave- the _______ of the particles is _________ to the direction of energy transfer

Answer 5

vibration/oscillation, parallel

Question 6

In a longitudinal wave, areas where the particles are pushed together are called ________ and areas where the particles are spread out are called _________

Answer 6

compressions, rarefactions

Question 7

A louder sound will have a higher ________.

Answer 7

amplitude

Question 8

A high pitched sound will have a higher ________

Answer 8

frequency

Question 9

Give an example of a longitudinal wave

Answer 9

sound

Question 10

Give an example of a transverse wave

Answer 10

light (also radio, microwaves, infra-red, UV, X-ray, gamma rays, water waves)

Question 11

An object which gives off light is known as…

Answer 11

luminous

Question 12

How can we see non-luminous objects?

Answer 12

because light is reflected off the object

Question 13

When light hits an object and “stops” it is known as…

Answer 13

absorption

Question 14

When light hits an object and bounces off it is known as…

Answer 14

reflection

Question 14

A material that lets light through without scattering is known as…

Answer 14

transparent

Question 15

What is an opaque material?

Answer 15

A material that does not let light through

Question 16

An object that scatters light as it passes is known as…

Answer 16

translucent

Question 17

How does the angle of incidence compare to the angle of reflection?

Answer 17

they are equal/the same

Question 18

If we are drawing a reflected ray, which step is missing
1. Extend the incident line to the surface.
2.
3. Measure angle of incidence.
4. Construct your angle of reflection.

Answer 18

Draw on the normal line

Question 19

What is refraction?

Answer 19

The change in direction of a wave when it changes speed.

Question 20

When does refraction occur?

Answer 20

When a wave moves into a different substance

Question 21

If the speed of a wave decreases as it moves into a new substance it will bend ______ the normal

Answer 21

towards

Question 22

If the speed of a wave increases as it moves into a new substance it will bend _______ the normal

Answer 22

away from

Question 22

When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, what will happen to the light?

Answer 22

All light will be reflected/total internal reflection

Question 23

Give two examples of where total internal reflection is found in real-life applications

Answer 23

Periscopes (submarines), internal cameras (medicine), fibre-optic communications e.g. fast broadband, inspecting aircraft engines

Question 24

If all the light is reflected with a material (e.g. a piece of glass) what is this known as?

Answer 24

Total internal reflection

Question 25

What is the name of the coloured circle around the pupil. It controls the size of the pupil

Answer 25

Iris

Question 26

What is the purpose of the lens in the eye?

Answer 26

To focus light onto the retina

Question 27

What do you call the black part of the eye? It is the opening that lets light in

Answer 27

Pupil

Question 28

What is the retina?

Answer 28

Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, made up of rods and cones

Question 28

What is the purpose of the optic nerve?

Answer 28

Carries messages from the retina to the brain.

Question 29

Why do we end up with an inverted image formed on our retina when we look at an object?

Answer 29

Because light is refracted by the cornea and lens in our eye.

Question 30

What three colours of light can our eyes detect?

Answer 30

red, green, blue

Question 31

What are the colours of the spectrum to make up white light?

Answer 31

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet (use ROY G. BIV or Richard of York Gave Battle In Vain to help you remember the order)

Question 32

The colour of a light depend on what feature of a wave?

Answer 32

Frequency

Question 33

When light enters a prism it splits into the colours of the spectrum, what do we call this effect?

Answer 33

Dispersion

Question 34

Why does a blue object appear blue when a white light is shone on it?

Answer 34

It reflects blue light. It absorbs all other colours of light.

Question 35

Why do black objects appear black?

Answer 35

They absorb all colours that are shone on them. No light is reflected.

Question 36

When red and green light is combined, what colour is formed?

Answer 36

Yellow

Question 37

When red and blue light is combined, what colour is formed?

Answer 37

Magenta

Question 38

When blue and green light is combined, what colour is formed?

Answer 38

Cyan

Question 39

If a sound is becoming lower pitched, what is decreasing?

Answer 39

The frequency

Question 40

If a sound is becoming lower in volume, what is decreasing?

Answer 40

The amplitude

Question 41

What formula can we use to calculate the speed of sound?

Answer 41

speed = distance/time

Question 42

Do sound waves travel fastest in solid, liquid or gas?

Answer 42

Solid

Question 43

Do light waves travel fastest in solid, liquid or gas?

Answer 43

Gas (light travels fastest through a vacuum)

Question 44

When calculating the speed of sound using an echo, what must you remember

Answer 44

The echo travels to an object and back again (you may need to double the distance or halve the the time provided - take care!)