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Year 8 Science > Life Processes > Flashcards

Life Processes Flashcards

The necessary knowledge for the Life Processes topic.

1
Q

Write the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + (energy)

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2
Q

From which system does the body obtain glucose for respiration?

A

The digestive system

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2
Q

What are the products of respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide, water

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3
Q

In which part of our cells does respiration mainly occur?

A

In the mitochondria

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4
Q

The word “aerobic” indicates the presence of which gas?

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

How do we test for carbon dioxide?

A

Bubble through limewater; the limewater turns cloudy.

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5
Q

How many joules are there in 1 kilojoule?

A

1000J

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5
Q

Which unit is energy usually measured in?

A

joules, J

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6
Q

What is the symbol for kilojoule?

A

kJ (lower case k, capital J)

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7
Q

List the 7 nutrients needed by the human body

A

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, fibre

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7
Q

If a food is high in energy, which nutrient/s is it likely to contain?

A

Lipids/fats, carbohydrates

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8
Q

Foods high in which group help repair muscles?

A

Protein

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8
Q

Give two sources of vitamin C

A

Fruit and vegetables

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9
Q

Why is fibre needed in our diet?

A

Add bulk to food to help it pass through the digestive system; prevents constipation

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10
Q

Scurvy can occur when we don’t get enough of which vitamin?

A

C

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11
Q

Rice, potato and bread are good sources of

A

Carbohydrates

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12
Q

Meat, fish and nuts are good sources of

A

Protein

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13
Q

Sugar and starch are both types of

A

Carbohydrate

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14
Q

Which test do we use to detect the presence of starch?

A

Iodine

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15
Q

Which test do we use to detect the presence of fats?

A

Ethanol

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16
Q

When testing for starch what colour change indicates a positive result?

A

Brown to black

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17
Q

Which test do we use to detect the presence of sugar?

A

Benedicts

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17
Q

When testing for sugar what colour change indicates a positive result?

A

Blue to red

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18
Q

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of protein?

A

Biuret

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19
When testing for protein, what colour change indicates a positive result?
Blue to purple
20
When testing for fats what change indicates a positive result?
Cloudy emulsion formed
21
What is digestion?
The process of breaking down food into substances our body can absorb and use
22
Where does mechanical digestion mainly occur?
In the mouth
23
List the organs the food will travel through on its way through the digestive system
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
24
Which nutrient start to be chemically digested in the mouth?
Carbohydrate
25
Where does digestion of protein take place?
Stomach, small intestine
26
What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Provides the right pH for the protease enzymes; kills bacteria
27
Where does digestion of lipids take place?
Small intestine
28
Where is bile produced?
Liver
28
Which organ produces carbohydrase, protease and lipase?
Pancreas
29
What is the purpose of bile in the digestive system?
Neutralise the acid which was added to food in the stomach to give the best pH for enzymes to work. Break down (emulsify) fat
30
Where is bile stored?
Gall bladder
31
The site of maximum absorption in the digestive system is...
The small intestine
32
During digestion, carbohydrate is broken down into
Glucose
33
During digestion, protein is broken down into
Amino acid
34
During digestion, lipids are broken down into
Fatty acid and glycerol
35
Which enzyme digest protein?
Protease
36
Which enzyme digests carbohydrates?
Carbohydrase
37
Which enzyme digests fats?
Lipase
37
Why is fibre not digested in the body?
Our bodies do not have enzymes that can digest fibre
38
Why are vitamins and minerals not digested in the body?
They are small enough to be absorbed without digestion
38
What is the purpose of bacteria in our gut?
Digest food we cannot (e.g. cellulose) to give us essential nutrients (e.g. vitamin K)
39
In which part of the digestive system does water and mineral absorption take place
The large intestine
40
How is the small intestine adapted to increase the rate of absorption?
Villi and microvilli to increase the surface area; a good blood supply to transport nutrients; mucus for lubrication; glucose moves from a high concentration in the intestine to a lower concentration in the blood.
40
What are the optimum conditions for amylase?
Neutral pH, 37 degreesC
41
What happens to an enzyme if it is boiled or exposed to a strong acid?
It is denatured
41
What is the scientific name for a windpipe?
Trachea
42
The trachea divides into two _____. These then divide into ______.
Bronchi. Bronchioles
43
What are the air sacs at the end of each bronchiole called?
Alveoli
44
Breathing in and breathing out is also known as...
ventilation
45
When we inhale, the volume inside the thorax _______ so the pressure inside the thorax ________
Increases. Decreases.
46
What features do alveoli have to maximise gas exchange?
Large surface area; concentration gradient (oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse); good blood supply; capillary wall only 1 cell thick
46
When we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward/downward?
upward
47
Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in cells
glucose -> lactic acid
47
Which releases more energy -aerobic or anaerobic respiration?
aerobic
48
What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells known as?
Fermentation
48
Give an example of where fermentation is used
Brewing or baking
49
What are the products of the fermentation reaction?
Ethanol, carbon dioxide

Year 8 Science (7 decks)

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