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My Science Y8 > Light and Sound > Flashcards

Light and Sound Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a wave transfer?

A

Energy, not matter

Waves transfer energy through the vibration of particles.

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2
Q

In a transverse wave, how do the vibrations of the particles move?

A

Perpendicular to the direction of energy

Transverse waves have vibrations that oscillate at right angles to the direction the wave travels.

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3
Q

In a longitudinal wave, how do the vibrations of the particles move?

A

Parallel to the direction of energy

Longitudinal waves have vibrations that oscillate in the same direction as the wave travels.

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4
Q

What is the definition of wavelength?

A

The distance between successive crests or troughs of a wave

Wavelength is a key characteristic of waves, influencing their energy and frequency.

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5
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The height of the wave from its rest position

Amplitude is related to the energy of the wave; higher amplitude means more energy.

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6
Q

In a longitudinal wave, what are areas where particles are pushed together called?

A

Compressions

The opposite of compressions are rarefactions, where particles are spread apart.

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7
Q

What determines the loudness of a sound?

A

Amplitude

A louder sound has a higher amplitude.

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8
Q

What determines the pitch of a sound?

A

Frequency

A high-pitched sound has a higher frequency.

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9
Q

Give an example of a longitudinal wave.

A

Sound

Sound waves are a common example of longitudinal waves.

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10
Q

Give an example of a transverse wave.

A

Light

Other examples include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, UV, X-rays, gamma rays, and water waves.

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11
Q

What is an object that gives off light called?

A

Luminous

Luminous objects emit their own light.

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12
Q

How can we see non-luminous objects?

A

Because light is reflected off the object

Non-luminous objects are visible due to light reflecting off their surfaces.

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13
Q

When light hits an object and ‘stops,’ what is this called?

A

Absorption

Absorption occurs when light is taken in by a material.

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14
Q

When light hits an object and bounces off, what is this called?

A

Reflection

Reflection is the process by which light changes direction upon hitting a surface.

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15
Q

What is a transparent material?

A

A material that lets light through without scattering

Transparent materials allow clear passage of light.

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16
Q

What is an opaque material?

A

A material that does not let light pass through

Opaque materials block light completely.

17
Q

What is a translucent object?

A

An object that scatters light as it passes through

Translucent materials allow some light to pass but scatter it.

18
Q

How do the angle of incidence and angle of reflection compare?

A

They are equal/the same

The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

19
Q

What is refraction?

A

The change in direction of a wave when it changes speed

Refraction occurs when a wave enters a new medium at an angle.

20
Q

What happens when the speed of a wave decreases as it moves into a new substance?

A

It will bend towards the normal line

A decrease in speed causes the wave to change direction towards the normal.

21
Q

What happens when the speed of a wave increases as it moves into a new substance?

A

It will bend away from the normal line

An increase in speed causes the wave to change direction away from the normal.

22
Q

What is total internal reflection?

A

When all the light is reflected within a material

Total internal reflection occurs when light hits a boundary at a steep angle.

23
Q

Give two real-life applications of total internal reflection.

A
  • Periscopes (submarines)
  • Fibre-optic communications

Total internal reflection is utilized in various optical devices.

24
Q

What is the iris in the eye?

A

The colored circle around the pupil that controls its size

The iris adjusts the diameter of the pupil to regulate light entry.

25
Q

What is the purpose of the lens in the eye?

A

To focus light onto the retina

The lens adjusts its shape to focus on objects at various distances.

26
Q

What is the retina?

A

The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye

The retina contains rods and cones that detect light.

27
Q

What is the purpose of the optic nerve?

A

Carries messages from the retina to the brain

The optic nerve transmits visual information for processing.

28
Q

What colors of light can our eyes detect?

A

Red, green, blue

These colors are primary colors of light.

29
Q

When light enters a prism and splits into colors, what is this effect called?

A

Dispersion

Dispersion occurs due to different wavelengths of light bending at different angles.

30
Q

Why does a blue object appear blue when white light is shone upon it?

A

It reflects blue light and absorbs other colors

The color perceived is based on the wavelengths reflected.

31
Q

Why do black objects appear black?

A

They absorb all colors that are shone on them

Black objects do not reflect any light.

32
Q

When red and green light are combined, what color is formed?

A

Yellow

Combining red and green light creates yellow.

33
Q

When red and blue light are combined, what color is formed?

A

Magenta

Red and blue light produce magenta.

34
Q

When blue and green light are combined, what color is formed?

A

Cyan

Blue and green light combine to form cyan.

35
Q

What is the formula to calculate the speed of sound?

A

speed = distance/time

This formula is used to determine how fast sound travels.

36
Q

Do sound waves travel fastest in solids, liquids, or gases?

A

Solid

Sound travels fastest through solids due to closer particle packing.

37
Q

Do light waves travel fastest through solids, liquids, or gases?

A

Gas

Light travels fastest through a vacuum, which is a type of gas.

38
Q

When calculating the speed of sound using an echo, what must you remember?

A

The echo travels to an object and back again

You may need to double the distance or halve the time provided.

My Science Y8 (3 decks)

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