Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My Science Y8 > Life Processes > Flashcards

Life Processes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Write the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + (energy)

Example: Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (6O2) -> Carbon Dioxide (6CO2) + Water (6H2O) + Energy (ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

From which system does the body obtain glucose for respiration?

A

The digestive system

Example: Glucose is obtained from the breakdown of carbohydrates in the digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In which part of our cells does respiration mainly occur?

A

In the mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the products of respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide, water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do we test for carbon dioxide?

A

Bubble through limewater; the limewater turns cloudy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The word ‘aerobic’ indicates the presence of which gas?

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which unit is energy usually measured in?

A

joules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many joules are there in 1 kilojoule?

A

1000J

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the symbol for kilojoule?

A

kJ (lower case k, capital J)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If a food is high in energy, which nutrient/s is it likely to contain?

A

Lipids/fats, carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the 7 nutrients needed by the human body

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Foods high in which group help repair muscles?

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is fibre needed in our diet?

A

Add bulk to food to help it pass through the digestive system; prevents constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Scurvy can occur when we don’t get enough of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give 2 sources of vitamin C

A

Fruit and vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rice, potato and bread are good sources of

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Meat, fish and nuts are good sources of

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sugar and starch are both types of

A

Carbohydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of starch?

A

Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When testing for starch what colour change indicates a positive result?

A

Brown to black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of sugar?

A

Benedicts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When testing for sugar what colour change indicates a positive result?

A

Blue to red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of protein?

A

Biuret

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When testing for protein what colour change indicates a positive result?

A

Blue to purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of fats?

A

Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When testing for fats what change indicates a positive result?

A

Cloudy emulsion formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The process of breaking down food into substances our body can absorb and use

A

Digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where does mechanical digestion mainly occur?

A

In the mouth

29
Q

List the organs the food will travel through on its way through the digestive system

A

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

30
Q

Which nutrient starts to be chemically digested in the mouth?

A

Carbohydrate

31
Q

Where does digestion of protein take place?

A

Stomach, small intestine

32
Q

Where does digestion of lipids take place?

A

Small intestine

33
Q

Which organ produces carbohydrase, protease and lipase?

A

Pancreas

34
Q

What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

A

Provides the right pH for the protease enzymes; kills bacteria

35
Q

What is the purpose of bile in the digestive system?

A

Neutralize the acid which was added to food in the stomach to give the best pH for enzymes to work. Break down (emulsify) fat

36
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

Liver

37
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gall bladder

38
Q

The site of maximum absorption in the digestive system is…

A

Small intestine

39
Q

During digestion, carbohydrate is broken down into

A

Glucose

40
Q

During digestion, protein is broken down into

A

Amino acid

41
Q

During digestion, lipids are broken down into

A

Fatty acid and glycerol

42
Q

Which enzyme digest protein?

A

Protease

43
Q

Which enzyme digests carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrase

44
Q

Which enzyme digests fats?

A

Lipase

45
Q

Why is fibre not digested in the body?

A

Our bodies do not have enzymes that can digest fibre

46
Q

Why are vitamins and minerals not digested in the body?

A

They are small enough to be absorbed without digestion

47
Q

What is the purpose of bacteria in our gut?

A

Digest food we cannot (e.g. cellulose) to give us essential nutrients (e.g. vitamin K)

48
Q

In which part of the digestive system does water and mineral absorption take place

A

Large intestine

49
Q

How is the small intestine adapted to increase the rate of absorption?

A

Villi and microvilli to increase surface area; a good blood supply to transport nutrients; mucus for lubrication; glucose moves from a high concentration in the intestine to a lower concentration in the blood.

50
Q

What are the optimum conditions for amylase?

A

Neutral pH, body temperature

51
Q

What happens to an enzyme if it is boiled or exposed to a strong acid?

A

Denatured

52
Q

What is the scientific name for the windpipe?

A

Trachea

53
Q

The trachea divides into two

A

Bronchi

54
Q

These then divide into

A

Bronchioles

55
Q

What are the air sacs at the end of each bronchiole called?

A

Alveoli

56
Q

Breathing in and out is also known as…

A

Ventilation

57
Q

When we inhale, the volume inside the thorax

A

Decreases.

58
Q

When we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward/downward?

A

Upward

59
Q

What features do alveoli have to maximize gas exchange?

A

Large surface area; concentration gradient (oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse): good blood supply; capillary wall only 1 cell thick

60
Q

Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in cells

A

glucose -> lactic acid

61
Q

Which releases more energy - aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic

62
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells known

A

Fermentation

63
Q

When we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward/downward?

A

upward

64
Q

What features do alveoli have to maximise gas exchange?

A

Large surface area; concentration gradient (oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse); good blood supply; capillary wall only 1 cell thick

Example: Alveoli in the lungs maximize gas exchange by providing a large surface area for diffusion.

65
Q

Which releases more energy - aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

A

aerobic

66
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells known as?

A

Fermentation

67
Q

Give an example of where fermentation is used

A

Brewing or baking

68
Q

What are the products of the fermentation reaction?

A

Ethanol, carbon dioxide

My Science Y8 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions