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My Science Y8 > Life Processes > Flashcards

Life Processes Flashcards

1
Q

Write the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + (energy)

Example: Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (6O2) -> Carbon Dioxide (6CO2) + Water (6H2O) + Energy (ATP)

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2
Q

From which system does the body obtain glucose for respiration?

A

The digestive system

Example: Glucose is obtained from the breakdown of carbohydrates in the digestive system

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3
Q

In which part of our cells does respiration mainly occur?

A

In the mitochondria

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4
Q

What are the products of respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide, water

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5
Q

How do we test for carbon dioxide?

A

Bubble through limewater; the limewater turns cloudy.

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6
Q

The word ‘aerobic’ indicates the presence of which gas?

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

Which unit is energy usually measured in?

A

joules

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8
Q

How many joules are there in 1 kilojoule?

A

1000J

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9
Q

What is the symbol for kilojoule?

A

kJ (lower case k, capital J)

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10
Q

If a food is high in energy, which nutrient/s is it likely to contain?

A

Lipids/fats, carbohydrates

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11
Q

List the 7 nutrients needed by the human body

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, fibre

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12
Q

Foods high in which group help repair muscles?

A

Protein

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13
Q

Why is fibre needed in our diet?

A

Add bulk to food to help it pass through the digestive system; prevents constipation

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14
Q

Scurvy can occur when we don’t get enough of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin C

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15
Q

Give 2 sources of vitamin C

A

Fruit and vegetables

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16
Q

Rice, potato and bread are good sources of

A

Carbohydrates

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17
Q

Meat, fish and nuts are good sources of

A

Protein

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18
Q

Sugar and starch are both types of

A

Carbohydrate

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19
Q

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of starch?

A

Iodine

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20
Q

When testing for starch what colour change indicates a positive result?

A

Brown to black

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21
Q

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of sugar?

A

Benedicts

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22
Q

When testing for sugar what colour change indicates a positive result?

A

Blue to red

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23
Q

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of protein?

A

Biuret

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24
Q

When testing for protein what colour change indicates a positive result?

A

Blue to purple

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25
Which test do we use to detect for the presence of fats?
Ethanol
26
When testing for fats what change indicates a positive result?
Cloudy emulsion formed
27
The process of breaking down food into substances our body can absorb and use
Digestion
28
Where does mechanical digestion mainly occur?
In the mouth
29
List the organs the food will travel through on its way through the digestive system
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
30
Which nutrient starts to be chemically digested in the mouth?
Carbohydrate
31
Where does digestion of protein take place?
Stomach, small intestine
32
Where does digestion of lipids take place?
Small intestine
33
Which organ produces carbohydrase, protease and lipase?
Pancreas
34
What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Provides the right pH for the protease enzymes; kills bacteria
35
What is the purpose of bile in the digestive system?
Neutralize the acid which was added to food in the stomach to give the best pH for enzymes to work. Break down (emulsify) fat
36
Where is bile produced?
Liver
37
Where is bile stored?
Gall bladder
38
The site of maximum absorption in the digestive system is...
Small intestine
39
During digestion, carbohydrate is broken down into
Glucose
40
During digestion, protein is broken down into
Amino acid
41
During digestion, lipids are broken down into
Fatty acid and glycerol
42
Which enzyme digest protein?
Protease
43
Which enzyme digests carbohydrates?
Carbohydrase
44
Which enzyme digests fats?
Lipase
45
Why is fibre not digested in the body?
Our bodies do not have enzymes that can digest fibre
46
Why are vitamins and minerals not digested in the body?
They are small enough to be absorbed without digestion
47
What is the purpose of bacteria in our gut?
Digest food we cannot (e.g. cellulose) to give us essential nutrients (e.g. vitamin K)
48
In which part of the digestive system does water and mineral absorption take place
Large intestine
49
How is the small intestine adapted to increase the rate of absorption?
Villi and microvilli to increase surface area; a good blood supply to transport nutrients; mucus for lubrication; glucose moves from a high concentration in the intestine to a lower concentration in the blood.
50
What are the optimum conditions for amylase?
Neutral pH, body temperature
51
What happens to an enzyme if it is boiled or exposed to a strong acid?
Denatured
52
What is the scientific name for the windpipe?
Trachea
53
The trachea divides into two
Bronchi
54
These then divide into
Bronchioles
55
What are the air sacs at the end of each bronchiole called?
Alveoli
56
Breathing in and out is also known as...
Ventilation
57
When we inhale, the volume inside the thorax
Decreases.
58
When we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward/downward?
Upward
59
What features do alveoli have to maximize gas exchange?
Large surface area; concentration gradient (oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse): good blood supply; capillary wall only 1 cell thick
60
Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in cells
glucose -> lactic acid
61
Which releases more energy - aerobic or anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic
62
What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells known
Fermentation
63
When we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward/downward?
upward
64
What features do alveoli have to maximise gas exchange?
Large surface area; concentration gradient (oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse); good blood supply; capillary wall only 1 cell thick ## Footnote Example: Alveoli in the lungs maximize gas exchange by providing a large surface area for diffusion.
65
Which releases more energy - aerobic or anaerobic respiration?
aerobic
66
What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells known as?
Fermentation
67
Give an example of where fermentation is used
Brewing or baking
68
What are the products of the fermentation reaction?
Ethanol, carbon dioxide

My Science Y8 (5 decks)

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