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Year 8 Science 22/23 > Light and Sound > Flashcards

Light and Sound Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A wave transfers _____________. It does not transfer ______________.

A

Energy, matter

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2
Q

In a _______________ wave the vibration of the particles is perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

A

transverse

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3
Q

In a _______________ wave the vibration of the particles is parallel to the direction of energy transfer

A

longitudinal

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4
Q

Transverse wave - the _______________ of the particles is __________________ to the direction of energy transfer

A

vibration/oscillation, perpendicular

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5
Q

Longitudinal wave - the _______________ of the particles is __________________ to the direction of energy transfer

A

vibration/oscillation, parallel

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6
Q

What feature of the wave is shown on the diagram

A

Wavelength

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7
Q

What feature of the wave is shown on the diagram

A

Amplitude

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8
Q

Which letter represents the amplitude of a wave?

A

B

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9
Q

In a longitudinal wave, areas where the particles are pushed together are called _________________ and areas where the particles are spread out are called _________________

A

compressions, rarefactions

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10
Q

A louder sound will have a higher __________________.

A

amplitude

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11
Q

A high-pitched sound will have a higher _________________

A

frequency

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12
Q

Give an example of a longitudinal wave

A

sound

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13
Q

Give an example of a transverse wave

A

light (also radio, microwaves, infra-red, UV, X-ray, gamma ray, water waves)

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14
Q

An object which gives off light is known as….

A

luminous

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15
Q

How can we see non-luminous objects?

A

because light is reflected off the object

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16
Q

When light hits and object and “stops” it is known as…

A

absorption

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17
Q

When light hits and object and bounces off it is known as…

A

reflection

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18
Q

A material that lets light through without scattering is known as…

A

transparent

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19
Q

What is an opaque material?

A

A material that does not let light pass through

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20
Q

An object that scatters light as it passes through is known as…

A

transluscent

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21
Q

Label the normal line, angle of incidence and angle of reflection

A
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22
Q

How does the angle of incidence compare to the angle of reflection?

A

they are equal/the same

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23
Q

If we are drawing a reflected ray, which step is missing
1. Extend the incident line to the surface.
2.
3. Measure angle of incidence.
4. Construct your angle of reflection.

A

Draw on the normal line

24
Q

What is refraction?

A

The change in direction of a wave when it changes speed.

25
Q

When does refraction occur?

A

When a wave moves into a different substance

26
Q

If the speed of a wave decreases as it moves into a new substance it will bend _____________ the normal

A

towards

27
Q

If the speed of a wave increases as it moves into a new substance it will bend _____________ the normal

A

away from

28
Q

Draw the path of the light

A
29
Q

Draw the path of the light

A
30
Q

Draw the path of the light

A
31
Q

When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, what will happen to the light?

A

All the light will be reflected/total internal reflection.

32
Q

If all the light is reflected with a material (e.g. a piece of glass), what is this known as?

A

Total internal reflection

33
Q

Give two examples of where total internal reflection is found in real-life applications

A

Periscopes (submarines), internal cameras (medicine), fibre-optic communications e.g. fast broadband, inspecting aircraft engines

34
Q

What is the name of the coloured circle around the pupil. It controls the size of the pupil

A

Iris

35
Q

What is the purpose of the lens in the eye?

A

To focus light onto the retina

36
Q

What do you call the black part of the eye? It is the opening that lets light in

A

Pupil

37
Q

Name the parts of the eye indicated in the diagram

A
38
Q

What is the retina?

A

Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, made up of rods and cones

39
Q

What is the purpose of the optic nerve?

A

Carries messages from the retina to the brain.

40
Q

Why do we end up with an inverted image formed on our retina when we look at an object?

A

Because light is refracted by the cornea and lens in our eye.

41
Q

What three colours of light can our eyes detect?

A

red, green, blue

42
Q

What are the colours of the spectrum that make up white light?

A

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet (use ROY G. BIV or Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain to help you remember the order)

43
Q

The colour of a light depends on what feature of a wave?

A

Frequency

44
Q

When light enters a prism it splits into the colours of the spectrum, what do we call this effect?

A

Dispersion

45
Q

Why does a blue object appear blue when a white light is shone upon it?

A

It reflects blue light. It absorbs all other colours of light.

46
Q

Why do black objects appear black?

A

They absorb all colours that are shone on them. No light is reflected.

47
Q

When red and green light is combined, what colour is formed?

A

Yellow

48
Q

When red and blue light is combined, what colour is formed?

A

Magenta

49
Q

When blue and green light is combined, what colour is formed?

A

Cyan

50
Q

Sketch a low-pitched sound becoming a high-pitched sound (the volume remains constant)

A
51
Q

Sketch a quiet-sound becoming a loud sound (the pitch remains unchanged)

A
52
Q

If a sound is becoming lower pitched, what is decreasing?

A

The frequency

53
Q

If a sound is becoming lower in volume, what is decreasing?

A

The amplitude

54
Q

What formula can we use to calculate the speed of sound?

A

speed = distance/time

55
Q

Do sound waves travel fastest in solid, liquid or gas?

A

Solid

56
Q

Do light waves travel fastest through a solid, liquid or gas?

A

Gas (light travels fastest through a vacuum)

57
Q

When calculating the speed of sound using an echo, what must you remember

A

The echo travels to an object and back again (you may need to double the distance or halve the time provided - take care!)

Year 8 Science 22/23 (8 decks)

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