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Year 8 Science 22/23 > Earth and Space > Flashcards

Earth and Space Flashcards

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1
Q

Which poles of a magnet attract each other?

A

The opposite poles (North and South)

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2
Q

What happens when like poles of magnets come together

A

They repel

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3
Q

Give some examples of magnetic materials

A

Iron, Steel, Cobalt, Nickel

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4
Q

Give some examples of non-magnetic materials

A

Plastic, Wood, Paper, Rubber, Glass

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5
Q

Why does the Earth have a magnetic field

A

The core of the earth is a rotating ball of Iron

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6
Q

What is a magnetic field?

A

The region around a magnet where other magnetic materials experience a force

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7
Q

How are magnetic fields represented in diagrams?

A

Magnetic field lines

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8
Q

How could you visualise the field around a magnet?

A

Iron filings, or using a compass

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9
Q

What is a gravitational field?

A

The region around an object with mass where other objects experience weight

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10
Q

What is weight?

A

A force experienced by an object with mass that is inside a gravitational field

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11
Q

Give the formula for weight

A

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

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12
Q

What is the gravitational field strength of the earth?

A

10 N/kg (or 9.8)

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13
Q

What are the units of mass?

A

kg (kilograms)

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14
Q

What are the units of force?

A

N (newtons)

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15
Q

Name the planets

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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16
Q

Name the five largest dwarf planets

A

Pluto, Eris, Ceres, Makemake, Haumea

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17
Q

Why is Venus considered a “terrestrial” planet?

A

It is made of rock

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18
Q

Which planets are the ice giants?

A

Uranus and Neptune

19
Q

What is meant by a “Jovian planet”

A

A planet that is similar to Jupiter (a gas giant)

20
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

300,000,000 m/s

21
Q

How long does it take for light to travel from the Moon to the Earth?

A

1.25 seconds

22
Q

How long does it take for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth?

A

500 seconds (approximately 8 minutes)

23
Q

What do stars form from?

A

Nebulae

24
Q

What is the name for most stars in the stable portion of their life cycle?

A

Main sequence star

25
Q

What is the name for the hot ball of gas that begins to form a star?

A

Protostar

26
Q

Which colour of star is the hottest?

A

Blue

27
Q

Which colour of star is the coolest?

A

Red

28
Q

Name the closest star to the solar system other than the sun

A

Proxima Centauri

29
Q

Give the name for the whole of space

A

Universe

30
Q

What is a group of billions of stars called?

A

Galaxy

31
Q

What is the name of the galaxy that the solar system is in?

A

Milky Way

32
Q

What is a year?

A

The time taken for a planet to orbit its star

33
Q

What is a day?

A

The time taken for a planet to rotate fully on its axis

34
Q

How long does it take for the Earth to orbit the Sun?

A

365.25 days

35
Q

What is the main factor controlling the length of a year for a planet?

A

The distance the planet is from the sun.

36
Q

Why does the Earth experience seasons?

A

The axis of rotation is tilted around 23 degrees from the plane of its orbit

37
Q

Mercury does not have a tilted axis of rotation. Will it experience seasons?

A

No

38
Q

Why is winter cooler than summer?

A

Away from the equator, sunlight is spread over a larger area of ground so warms it less. The days are also shorter, so there is less time for the ground to warm up.

39
Q

If something is moving in a circle e.g. a planet orbiting the sun, in which direction is the force?

A

Towards the centre of the circle

40
Q

Which force causes a moon to orbit a planet

A

gravitational force (directed towards the centre of a circle)

41
Q

Draw the magnetic field around a bar magnet

A
42
Q

Draw the magnetic field around the Earth

A

Remember - the Earth’s geographic north pole is a magnetic south pole (we still call it magnetic north when referring to where our compass needle points!)

43
Q

Draw the gravitational field around the Earth

A

It will be the same shape for other planets and stars

Year 8 Science 22/23 (8 decks)

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