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0
Q

What is angle of reflection?

A

r, angle between reflected ray and normal.

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1
Q

What is angle of incidence?

A

i, angle between incident ray and normal.

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2
Q

What are the laws of reflection?

A
  1. Incident ray, reflected ray and normal at the point of incidence all lie on the same plane.
  2. Angle of incidence,i, is equal to angle of reflection,r.
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3
Q

What are the characteristics of image formed by a plane mirror?

A
  1. Virtual
  2. Upright.
  3. Same size.
  4. Laterally inverted.
  5. Same distance
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4
Q

What is angle of refraction?

A

r, angle between refracted ray and normal.

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5
Q

What is refraction?

A

Bending of a ray of light as it travels from one medium to another.

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6
Q

How does refraction of light occur?

A

Due to change in speed of light as travels from one medium to another.

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7
Q

What happens when a light ray travels through a glass block?

A

Light travels from a less dense medium(air) to a denser medium(glass), hence speed decreases and it is refracted towards normal.

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8
Q

What happens to a light ray traveling from a glass block to air?

A

Light travels from a denser medium(glass) to a less dense medium(air), it is refracted away from normal.

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9
Q

What are the laws of refraction?

A
  1. Incident ray, refracted ray and normal at point of incidence all lie on same plane.
  2. For 2 given media, ratio (sin i over sin r) is a constant, where i is angle of incidence and r is angle of refraction. (Snell’s law)
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10
Q

What is the refractive index defined as?

A

Refractive index, n, of medium may be defined as ratio of speed of light in vacuum to speed of light in that medium. (N= speed of light in vacuum over speed of light in medium)

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11
Q

What is critical angle?

A

Defined as angle of incidence in optically denser medium for which angle of refraction in optically less dense medium is 90 degrees.

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12
Q

What are the 2 conditions necessary for total internal reflection to occur?

A
  1. Light ray must travel from optically denser medium towards optically less dense medium.
  2. Angle of incidence must be greater than critical angle.
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13
Q

What are some applications of total internal reflection?

A
  1. Periscope.
  2. Binoculars.
  3. Fibre optics.
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14
Q

How does total internal reflection work in fibre optics?

A

Fibre optics has relatively high refractive index cylindrical inner core that carries light and a relatively low refractive index outer concentric shell known as cladding

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15
Q

Where is fibre optics used in?

A

Telecommunications.

16
Q

What are the advantages of using fibre optics?

A
  1. Transmit more data.
  2. Immune to external electrical interference.
  3. Flexible
  4. Data can travel more than 10km without need to reamplify.
17
Q

What are the 2 types of thin lenses?

A
  1. Converging lens

2. Diverging lens

18
Q

What is the difference between converging and diverging lenses?

A
  1. Converging lenses are thicker in the middle than at the edge.
  2. Diverging lenses are thinner in the middle.
19
Q

Describe the images formed when objects are placed further away than the focal point of a converging lens.

A

Real and inverted images.

20
Q

Describe the images formed when objects are placed between the focal point and optical centre.

A

Virtual, upright and magnified images.

21
Q

What is focal length?

A

f, of a lens is the distance between its optical centre and principal focus