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Light Flashcards

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1
Q

Diffuse reflection

A

incident beam from parallel light reflects (scatters) in all directions

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2
Q

example of diffuse reflection

A

light from paper you read from

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3
Q

regular reflection

A

incident beam from parallel light is reflected as a beam of parallel light

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4
Q

example of regular reflection

A

light reflected from a highly polished surface

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5
Q

why does the glass in a household mirror complicate things?

A

because the light bends as it enters and exits

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6
Q

Law 1 of reflection

A

the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all lie in the same plane

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7
Q

Law 2 of reflection

A

the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection

i=r

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8
Q

normal

A

an imaginary line perpendicular to the mirror

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9
Q

where are angles of incidence and reflection measured from?

A

the normal

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10
Q

glancing angle

A

between the mirrors and the beam of light

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11
Q

if you rotate a plane mirror by angle a, what happens to the reflected ray?

A

the reflected ray is deflected by an angle 2a

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12
Q

whats special about the image in a plane mirror?

A

u=v

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13
Q

u

A

distance from object to mirror

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14
Q

v

A

distance from mirror to image

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15
Q

type of image in a plane mirror 2

A

virtual

laterally inverted

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16
Q

what is a virtual image

A

rays of light do not pass through a virtual image they just appear to do so

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17
Q

a person 2m tall needs to see all of himself in the mirror, what length does it have to be? where should he place it?

A

1m, half way from the ground to the height of his eyes

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18
Q

p

A

pole

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19
Q

explain p

A

the centre of the mirror itself

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20
Q

c

A

centre of curvature

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21
Q

explain c

A

the centre of the sphere from which the mirror was cut

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22
Q

f

A

focal point

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23
Q

explain f

A

half way between c and p

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24
Q

focal length

A

distance between p and f

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25
Q

straight line that joins p f and c

A

principal axis

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26
Q

m

A

magnification

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27
Q

m = (2)

A

v/u = image distance/ object distance

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28
Q

1/f =

A

1/u + 1/v

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29
Q

real image v

A

posituev

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30
Q

virtual image v

A

negative

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31
Q

concave mirror f

A

positive

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32
Q

convex mirror f

A

negative

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33
Q

nature of image, when object at infinity (very far away)

A

formed on focal point, real image

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34
Q

nature of image, when object a little outside c

A

image between c and f

real inverted diminished

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35
Q

nature of image, when object at c

A

real, inverted and diminished, image at c

36
Q

nature of image, when object between c and f

A

image is real inverted and magnified

37
Q

nature of image, when object on f

A

image at infintiy. real, inverted, greatly magnified

38
Q

nature of image, when object inside f

A

located behind the mirror, virtual erect and magnified

39
Q

nature of image, when object anywhere in convex mirror

A

image behind the mirror, inside f

virtual, erect and diminished

40
Q

an object is placed 16cm in from of a concave mirror and an inverted image is formed 24cm in front of mirror. object is 2cm in size. calculate the focal length of the mirror and the size of the object

A 
u= 16cm
f = 9.6cm
41
Q

an image formed in a concave mirror of focal length 12cm is 3 times the size of the object. calculate the positions of the object for this to happen

A

u=16cm or 8cm

42
Q

2 uses of concave mirror

A

shaving or makeup mirror to give enlarged image

dentists mirror for enlarged image of a tooth

43
Q

2 uses of a convex mirror

A

security mirror in a shop

rear view mirror of a car (image is smaller, more is seen)

44
Q

definition of refraction of light

A

the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another of a different refractive index

45
Q

Law 1 of refraction

A

the incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal all lie in the same plane

46
Q

Law 2 of refraction

A

Snell’s law

The sin of the angle of incidence is proportional to the sine of the angle of refraction

47
Q

sin i/sin r =

A

n

48
Q

refractive index of glass refers to

A

the refractive index of air to glass

49
Q

directly proportional graph

A

straight line graph through the origin

50
Q

c1/c2 =

A

n

51
Q

c1

A

speed of light in medium 1

52
Q

c2

A

speed of light in medium 2

53
Q

speed of light in air

A

2.99 x 10 to the power of 8

54
Q

real depth/apparent depth =

A

n

55
Q

state of no parallax

A

coincides even when you move right and left

56
Q

why should you avoid small values in experiments

A

they lead to greater percentage error

57
Q

one thing to avoid in light experiments

A

avoid the error of parallax when measuring distances

58
Q

real dept vs apparent depth, y vs x axis

A

real depth y axis apparent dept x axis (slope is n = real over apparent)

59
Q

critical angle

A

the angle in the more dense medium when the angle of refraction in the less dense medium is 90 degrees

60
Q

1/sinC=?

A

w n a

61
Q

outside layer of optical fibre called

A

cladding

62
Q

where does total internal reflection happen in an optical fibre?

A

at the boundary between the fibre and the cladding

63
Q

lense dense material in optical fibre

A

cladding

64
Q

how long will total internal reflection happen for in the fibre

A

ntil the light exits from the far end of the fibre

65
Q

2 uses of total internal reflection

A

in the telecommunications industry

in medical endoscopes

66
Q

3 reasons why it is better to use optical fibres instead of copper wire in the telecommunications industry

A

cheaper
non-corrosive
more information can be transmitted along the

67
Q

why wouldn’t light bend in an experiment to show total internal reflection when passing through the glass the first time?

A

you shine it through on the normal

68
Q

dispersion of white light

A

the breaking up of a beam of light into its constituent colours which spread out to form a spectrum

69
Q

lamba 1 over lamba 2=

A

n

70
Q

when showing the recombination of a spectrum into white light, what should you label the angles as?

A

60 degrees

71
Q

what is the same/different about the 2 prisms to recombine a spectrum into white light

A

also equiangular
near sides are parallel
inverted though

72
Q

why does light reflect at 90 degrees in total with a normal looking right angled triangle at the end of it
periscope

A 
enters along normal, no bending
angle of incidence is 45 degrees 
critical angle is 42
reflects back at 45 degrees
add them up it looks like 90 degrees
73
Q

why is light reflected back along its own path when entering flat hypothenuse of right angled triangle
bike reflectors

A

goes in through normal no bending
at 45 degrees to side, total internal reflection at another 45
hits other side,at 45 and does the same thing
45 +45 = 90
plus another one
= 180 degrees

74
Q

Concave mirror: light at infinity

2

A

Image on f

Real

75
Q

Concave mirror: object outside c

A

Image real inverted and diminished

76
Q

Concave mirror: object on c

A

Image real inverted and same size

77
Q

*** Concave mirror: object between c and f

A

Image real, inverted and magnified

78
Q

Concave mirror: object on f

A

Image at infinity

Real and greatly magnified

79
Q

** Concave mirror: object inside f

A

Image is virtual erect and magnified

80
Q

Convex mirror: anywhere in front of mirror

A

Image is virtual erect and diminished

81
Q

How do you get the focal length from a graph when given v and u values

A

Plot 1/u vs 1/v and f is 1/slope

82
Q

How do you find circle of light at the top of water when the bulb is underneath?

A

Use n=1/sinC to get C
Using C find the radius of the circle
pi r squared

83
Q

Converging lens: object between 2f and f

A

Real inverted and magnified

84
Q

Converging lens: object inside f

A

Image on the left of the lens

Virtual erect and magnified

85
Q

Diverging lens: object anywhere on the left side of the lens

A

Image on the left side of the lens

Virtual erect and diminished

Physics (11 decks)

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