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GCSE CCEA Physics unit 2 And 3 > Light > Flashcards

Light Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

3 x 108 m/s

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2
Q

What are the properties of a image from a plane mirror? (4)

A
  • virtual
  • same size
  • laterally inverted
  • same distance from mirror
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3
Q

What is an angle of incidence?

A

The angle between the incident ray and the normal

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4
Q

What is an angle of reflection?

A

The angle between the reflected ray and the normal

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5
Q

What is the relationship between angle of incidence and angle of reflection?

A

Both are equal in size

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6
Q

How does refraction from air to glass work?

A

Slows down and bends light towards the normal

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7
Q

How does refraction from glass to air work?

A

Speeds up and bends light away from the normal

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8
Q

How does refraction relate to change of speed?

A

The greater the refraction, the greater the change of speed

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9
Q

What is dispersion? (2)

A
  • Separation of white light into a spectrum of colours.
  • Due to the fact different colours of light travel at different speeds and take different paths
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10
Q

What are the colours of the colour spectrum?

A

Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet

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11
Q

What happens through light dispersion in a prism?

A

Red slows down the least so is refracted the least,

while violet slows down the most so is refracted the most

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12
Q

What are the types of lenses?

A

Convex (converging)

And

Concave (diverging)

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13
Q

What are the two pneumonics for mediums for refraction?

A

Less dense
Towards normal
More dense

More dense
Away from normal
Less dense

(In relation to the normal)

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14
Q

Where are the incident and reflected angles measured from?

A

The normal (and incident/reflected rays)

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15
Q

What are the two pneumonics for speed of waves after refraction?

A

Fast
Towards normal
Slow

Slow
Away from normal
Fast

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16
Q

in the equation V = fw (w should be lambda), what is the relationship between frequency and wavelength? (2)

A
  • directly proportional, as one increases the other increases
  • goes through the origin
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17
Q

Define Critical angle

A

The angle of incidence that results in a 90° angle of refraction

(not visible - along the semi circular glass block)

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18
Q

What is Total Internal Reflection (T.I.R)? (2)

A
  • The complete reflection of light
  • back into its original material
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19
Q

When does total internal reflection occur?

A
  • When the angle of incidence is larger than the critical angle
  • when moving from a more dense to less dense medium
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20
Q

What happens when a ray of light enters a medium at 90º?

A

There is no change in direction (unidirectional)

21
Q

In a biconcave lens, where does light appear to come from?

A

The focal point

22
Q

In a biconvex lens, where does light travel to?

A

Light converges at the focal point

23
Q

What does SSDM stand for

A

Short
Sight
Diverging
Myopia

24
Q

What does HLSC stand for

A

Hyperopia
Long
Sight
Converging

25
Q

What does LXC stand for

A

Lens
Convex
Converging

26
Q

What does LED stand for

A

Lens
ConcavE
Diverging

27
Q

Why does short sight occur? (2)

A
  • short sight usually occurs when the eyes grow slightly too long
  • so that light doesn’t focus on the light-sensitive tissue (retina) at the back of the eye properly
28
Q

What is the effect of short sight (2)

A
  • the light rays focus just in front of the retina,
  • resulting in distant objects appearing blurred
29
Q

What form of lens is used to correct short sight?

A

A diverging (concave) lens

v
|
^.

30
Q

What form of lens is used to correct long sight?

A

A converging (convex) lens

^.
|
V

31
Q

Why does long sight occur? (3)

A
  • long sight usually occurs when the eyeball is too short
  • or the lens cannot be made thick enough
  • to focus the light rays on the retina
32
Q

What is the effect of long sight (2)

A
  • the light rays would focus behind the retina
  • so that nearby objects appear blurred
33
Q

What are the properties of convex lenses? (3)

A
  • Diminished
  • Real image
  • Inverted
34
Q

What are the properties of concave lenses? (3)

A
  • Erect
  • Virtual image
  • Diminished
35
Q

What is the straight travel of light called?

A

The principal of linear wave propegation

36
Q

What is the principal focus/focal point?

A
  • The focus of a lens
  • where light rays appear
  • to converge or diverge from
37
Q

What is a real image?

A

An image that can be projected onto a screen

38
Q

What is a virtual image? (2)

A
  • An image that appears to come from the object
  • cannot be projected onto a screen
39
Q

Where do you find the image from a concave (diverging) lens on a ray diagram?

A

Trace the rays on the left of the diagram

Where they meet is where the image comes from

40
Q

Where do you find the image from a convex (converging) lens on a ray diagram?

A

Two lines from the top of an object:

  • One through the origin
  • One through the focal point after hitting the y axis
  • where they meet is the image
41
Q

Explain what happens when the angle of Incidence is:

  1. less than the critical angle
  2. equal to the critical angle
  3. more than the critical angle
A
  1. Refraction occurs, weak reflection
  2. 90º angle of refraction
  3. Total internal reflection - no refraction
42
Q

After dispersion in a prism, what colour is top and what colour is bottom?

A
  • Red on top (least refraction)
  • Violet on bottom (most refraction)
43
Q

Name an application of converging (convex) lenses

A
  • Projectors
  • Magnifying glasses
44
Q

Name an application of diverging (concave) lenses

A

Telescopes

45
Q

What are optic fibres?

How do they work?

A
  • Lengths of solid glass core with an outer plastic sheath
  • total internal reflection at the surface of the glass core
46
Q

What are optic fibres used for in medicine?

A

Endoscopes - allow doctors to see inside a patient’s body

47
Q

What are optical fibres used for? (2)

A
  • endoscopes
  • carrying video and telephone signals over long distances
48
Q

What is the name of the centre point of a lens?

A

The optical centre

GCSE CCEA Physics unit 2 And 3 (8 decks)

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