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GCSE CCEA Physics unit 2 And 3 > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two types of current?

A
  • alternating current (ac)
  • direct current (dc)
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2
Q

Where does alternating current come from?

A

Mains (from a generator)

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3
Q

Where does direct current come from?

A

Batteries

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4
Q

What causes electricity?

A

The movement of electrons

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5
Q

What is the relative charge and atomic mass of an electron?

A
  • charge = -1
  • mass = 1/1836
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6
Q

What is the relative charge and atomic mass of a proton?

A
  • charge = +1
  • mass = 1
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7
Q

How is a negative ion formed from a neutral atom? What makes it negative?

A
  • gain of electrons
  • more electrons than protons
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8
Q

How is a positive ion formed from a neutral atom? What makes it positive?

A
  • loss of electrons
  • more protons than electrons
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9
Q

What allows a conductor to conduct electricity?

A

Free electrons which can move and carry a charge

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10
Q

What materials are conductors of electricity?

A
  • most metals
  • graphite
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11
Q

Why do insulators not conduct electricity?

A

They have very few free electrons

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12
Q

What is the name of the measuring device for volts?

A

A voltmeter

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13
Q

What is the name of the measuring device for amperes?

A

An ammeter

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14
Q

How does a voltmeter connect to a circuit?

A

Across the component

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15
Q

How does an ammeter connect to a circuit?

A

Connects directly to the circuit

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16
Q

What does Ohms Law state? (3)

A

-The current in an electrical conductor (including graphite)
- is directly proportional to the voltage across it’s ends,
- provided the temperature remains constant

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17
Q

The four factors that the resistance of a wire depends upon are:

A
  • material
  • length
  • cross-sectional area
  • temperature
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18
Q

The resistance of an insulator is ___ ____ the resistance of a conductor

A

Greater than

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19
Q

What is the relationship between resistance of a wire and its length

(At constant temp)

A

directly proportional

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20
Q

What is the relationship between resistance of a wire and its cross-sectional area

(At constant temp)

A

Inversely proportional

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21
Q

What is the gradient of a voltage current graph?

A

Resistance

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22
Q

Why does a filament bulb NOT obey Ohm’s Law

A
  • It’s temperature changes
  • when current flows through it
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23
Q

What shape would a voltage current graph be for a filament bulb?

Study These Flashcards
A

A curve - not a straight line

24
Q

What is the only non-metal conductor?

25
What is another term for **free electrons**?
Delocalised
26
What is the **difference** between a **cell** and a **battery**?
A **battery** is made from **two or more cells**
27
In what direction do **electrons** move in an electrical circuit?
**Negative to positive** terminal (**Cathode to anode**)
28
What is **Conventional current**?
The flow of **imaginary positive charges** from the **anode to cathode**
29
What way is an **Ammeter** always placed?
In **series**
30
What way is a **Voltmeter** always placed in a circuit?
In **parallel**
31
What is **resistance**?
The **opposition** to the **movement of electrons**
32
What does the term **‘series’ mean**
The components have the **same current** but **the voltage splits**
33
State **Ohm’s Law**
- **Voltage** is **proportional to current** - provided the **temperature remains constant**
34
What is the **equation** for **Ohm’s Law**? **Give units**
**V=IR** Voltage = current x resistance Volts = Amperes x Ohms V I R
35
State the **equation** linking **current and charge** **Give units**
**Q = I x t** Charge = current x time Coulombs = Amperes x seconds Q I t
36
State the **equation** linking **work done, Charge and Voltage** **Give units**
**W = QV** Work done = charge x voltage Joules = Coulombs x Volts W QV
37
What is **conventional current** based on?
The **plum pudding model**
38
**Which side** of a **cell is positive** and what is its **name**?
Long side Anode
39
**Which side** of a **cell is negative** and what is its **name**?
Short side Cathode
40
State the **equation** for **resistance** in a **series circuit**
Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3
41
State the **equation** for **resistance** in a **parallel circuit** What do you have to do to find the final answer?
1/ Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 Invert
42
Explain by **collision theory** how **heat is generated** by **movement of charges** (**3**)
- electrons strike positive ions in lattice - kinetic energy converted to thermal - positive ions heat up material
43
What happens to **resistance** as **temperature increases**?
Resistance increases
44
How many **joules** are in **1 KWh**?
3 600 000 J
45
What is **1 KWh**?
1000J / 1sec for 3600 sec Or 1000J / 1sec for 1 hr
46
What is the **equation for KWh**?
KW x h = KWh Kilowatt x hour = kilowatt hour
47
**Why** is an **earth wire** essential?
It can **prevent electric shock / damage to an appliance** along **with a fuse**
48
What is the other name for a **variable resistor**? How is variable resistor displayed?
- Rheostat - resistor with arrow diagonally through
49
**What** are the **3 wires** in a **three pin plug** (+colour) **Where** are they **connected**?
1. - live wire (brown) - neutral wire (blue) - earth wire (green/yellow) 2. - neutral wire in left hand pin - live wire in right hand pin - earth wire in top pin
50
What is the **symbol** for **double insulation**?
A square inside a square
51
What **form of current** *moves in* the **opposite direction** to **conventional current**?
Electron flow (cathode to anode)
52
What size of **current** *flows* through components in **series**? What does the **voltage of the supply** equal?
- the **same current** through each component - the sum of the voltages across the separate components
53
What size of **voltage** *is observed* through components in **parallel**? What does the **total current from the supply** equal?
- the **same voltage** *as* the **supply** - the **sum of the currents** *through* the **components**
54
**Why** does **electron flow** *cause* **heat** production?
Free electrons-atom collisions
55
**Where** are **switches** placed in a **circuit**?
The positive side (**live side**)
56
What is **alternating current**? (**2**)
- current that **reverses** direction - **periodically**

GCSE CCEA Physics unit 2 And 3 (8 decks)

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