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Physics GCSE > Light > Flashcards

Light Flashcards

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1
Q

What is specular reflection?

A

The reflection of light from a flat surface - all rays of light meeting the surface from one direction reflect in the same direction

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2
Q

What is diffuse reflection?

A

Light reflects off a rough surface causing all the rays of light to reflect in different directions

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3
Q

How is the light spectrum produced?

A

Different colours travel at different speeds in glass

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4
Q

Which colour is slowed down least by glass and is refracted least?

A

Red

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5
Q

Which colour is slow down most by glass and refracted most?

A

Violet

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6
Q

What colours can the eye only properly detect?

A

Blue, green and red

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7
Q

How does the eye see other colours?

A

The eye perceives other colours due to a combination of responses from two or more different types of receptor

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8
Q

What is yellow a combination of?

A

Red and green

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9
Q

What are the secondary colours?

A

Magenta, cyan, yellow

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10
Q

What are the primary colours?

A

Red, blue, green

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11
Q

How is the colour of an opaque object determined?

A

By the wavelengths of light that are reflected most strongly and all other wavelengths are absorbed

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12
Q

How is the colour of a translucent object determined?

A

By transmitting wavelengths of light and absorbing others ~ e.g. a red glass bottle transmits red light and absorbs green and blue light

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13
Q

What does a convex lens (converging lens) do?

A

Focuses light to its focal point

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14
Q

What does a concave lens (diverging lens) do?

A

Spread light out

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15
Q

What is the principle axis?

A

Imaginary light that passes straight through the lens that is not refracted

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16
Q

What do all rays parallel to the principal axis do?

A

Pass through a single point on the principle axis (the focal point)

17
Q

What is the focal length?

A

Distance between the centre of lens abs the focal point

18
Q

How do you measure the focal length?

A
  1. Stand near the window
  2. Hold the lens in one hand and a piece of paper in the other hand
  3. Make the distance between the lens shorter and longer until the image on the paper in in focus
  4. Measure the distance between the centre of the lens and the paper - this is the focal length of the lens
19
Q

How is a convex lens represented?

A

By a line with two arrows pointing outwards

20
Q

How do you draw a ray diagram?

A
  1. Draw a light ray from the top of the object to the vertical axis running parallel to the principle axis
  2. From this ray draw a refracted ray running diagonally through the focal point
  3. Draw a ray from the top of the object running diagonally through the middle of the lens
  4. Draw a light ray from the top of the object running diagonally through the focal point to the vertical axis
  5. From this ray draw a refracted ray running parallel with the principle axis
  6. An image is formed where the three rays meet
21
Q

What is virtual focus?

A

Rays of light that are parallel to the principle axis

22
Q

How are virtual rays represented?

A

Dotted lines

23
Q

How are concave lenses represented?

A

A line with two arrows pointing inwards

24
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

A sound with a frequency greater than 20,000 Hz

25
Q

What is the normal hearing range of a human?

A

20-20,000 Hz

26
Q

How do you calculate the distance of a sound wave?

A

Distance = speed x time

27
Q

What is the speed of sound in air (at STP)?

A

340 m/s

28
Q

What is the speed of sound in fat?

A

1450 m/s

29
Q

What is the speed of sound in soft tissue?

A

1540 m/s

30
Q

What is the speed of sound in muscle?

A

1585 m/s

31
Q

What is the speed of sound in bone?

A

4080 m/s

32
Q

What are uses of ultrasound?

A

Medical imaging, pregnancy check ups, physiotherapy, treating bladder stones and tumours

Physics GCSE (9 decks)

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