Ligaments

Question 1

What are the ligaments in the distal leg?

Answer 1

Bones - tibia & fibula
Ligaments:
- anterior tibiofibular ligament
- posterior tibiofibular ligament

Question 2

What are the ligaments in the medial ankle?

Answer 2

Bones - tibia, talus, calcaneus, navicular
Ligaments:
- ‘deltoid ligament’
- Anterior naviculartibial ligament: to the dorsomedial navicular
- Calcaneotibial ligament: to the sustentaculum tali
- superficial posterior talotibial ligament: to the medial tubercle of the posterior process of the talus
- Deep anterior talotibial ligament: to the medial neck of the talus
- Deep posterior talotibial ligament: to area near the medial tubercle of the posterior process of the talus

Question 3

What are the ligaments in the lateral ankle?

Answer 3

Bones - fibula, talus, calcaneus
Ligaments:
- anterior talofibular ligament: to the lateral neck of the talus
- calcaneofibular ligament: to the lateral calcaneus superior & posterior to the peroneal tubercle
- posterior talofibular ligament: to the lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus

Question 4

What are the ligaments of the sub-talar joint?

Answer 4

Bones - talus & calcaneus
Ligaments:
- ‘cervical ligament’
- anterior talocalcaneal ligament: from the superior lateral sulcus calcanei of the calcaneus to the inferior lateral neck ‘cervix’ of the talus

Question 5

What are the ligaments of the dorsal mid-tarsal joint?

Answer 5

Bones - talus & navicular, calcaneus & cuboid
Ligaments:
- dorsal talonavicular ligament: from the superiormedial aspect of the neck of the talus
- ‘bifurcate ligament’
- calcaneonavicular band
- calcaneocuboid band: from the distal medial dorsal calcaneus to the proximal lateral dorsal cuboid & lateral dorsal navicular
- dorsal calcanecuboid ligament: more lateral than bifurcate

Question 6

What are the ligaments of the dorsal cuneiform navicular joint?

Answer 6

Bones - navicular, medial, intermediate & lateral cuneiforms
Ligaments:
- medial, intermediate & lateral cuneonavicular ligaments

Question 7

What are the ligaments of the plantar mid-tarsal joints?

Answer 7

Bones - navicular, calcaneus & cuboid
Ligaments:
- ‘short plantar ligament’
- plantar calcaneocuboid ligament: from posterior aspect of the anterior tubercle of calcaneus to the plantar posterior medial beack of the cuboid
- ‘spring ligament’
- plantar calcaneonavicular ligament: from the anterior edge of the sustentaculum tali to the proximal medial plantar navicular

Question 8

What are the ligaments of the plantar cuneiform navicular joint?

Answer 8

Bones: navicular, cuneiforms
Ligaments: medial, intermediate & lateral cuneiform ligaments

Question 9

What is the long plantar ligament?

Answer 9

Bones: calcaneus, cuboid, 2nd - 5th metatarsals
Ligament:
- ‘long plantar ligament’
- long calcaneocuboid ligament: from the groove between the medial and lateral processes of the calcaneal tuberosity to the peroneal ridge of the cuboid & the plantar bases of the 2nd-5th metatarsals

Question 10

What are the ligaments of the cuboideonavicular joint?

Answer 10

Bones - cuboid, navicular
Ligaments:
- dorsal & plantar cuboideonavicular ligaments
- interosseous cuboideonavicular ligaments (very strong if syndesmoses joint, very weak if synovial joint)

Question 11

What are the ligaments of the dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments?

Answer 11

Bones - 1st to 5th metatarsals, cuneiforms, cuboid
Ligaments:
- 1st met - med cuneiform 
- 2nd met to all cuneiforms
- 3rd met to lat cuneiform and cuboid 
- 4th met to cuboid 
- 5th met to cuboid

Question 12

What are the plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments?

Answer 12

Bones - 1st to 5th met, M&L cuneiforms, cuboid 
Ligaments:
- 1st met to med cuneiform 
- 2nd met to med cuneiform
- 3rd met to med and lat cuneiform
- 4th met to cuboid 
- 5th met to cuboid

Question 13

What are the interosseous tarsometatarsal ligaments?

Answer 13

Bones - 2nd to 4th metatarsals, medial and lateral cuneiform
Ligaments:
- ‘lisfranc ligament’
- medial interosseous tarsometatarsal ligaments: from the medial base of the 2nd metatarsal to the distal lateral surface of the medial cuneiform
- 2nd interosseous tarsometatarsal ligament: from the lateral base of the 2nd met to the distal medial surface of the lateral cuneiform
- lateral interosseous tarsometatarsal ligament: from the medial base of the 4th metatarsal to the distal lateral surface of the lateral cuneiform

Question 14

What are the dorsal, plantar & interosseous inter-metatarsal ligaments?

Answer 14

Bones - 2nd to 5th metatarsal
Ligament:
- dorsal intermetatarsal ligaments: dorsal between the bases of the 2nd to 5th metatarsal
- plantar intermetatarsal ligaments: plantar between the bases of the 2nd to 5th mets
- interosseous intermetatarsal ligaments: interosseous between the bases of the 2nd to 5th met

Question 15

What is the deep transverse metatarsal ligament?

Answer 15

Bones - 1st to 5th metatarsals
Ligament:
- deep transverse metatarsal ligament: attaches to the thickening of the plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments called the plantar plates
*no dorsal equivalent

Question 16

What are the ligaments of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint?

Answer 16

Bones - 1st metatarsal, proximal phalanx of hallux, medial and lateral sesamoids
Ligaments:
- medial and lateral metatarsosesamoid suspensory ligaments
- M&L collateral metatarsophalangeal ligaments
- intersesamoid ligament
- plantar metatarsophalangeal ligament

Question 17

What are the 2nd to 5th metararsophalangeal joints?

Answer 17

Bones: 2nd - 5th mets, 2nd to 5th proximal phalanges
Ligaments:
- medial & lateral suspensory metatarsophalangeal ligaments
- M&L collateral metatarsophalangeal ligaments
- plantar metatarsophalangeal ligament

Question 18

Where is the superior extensor retinaculum?

Answer 18

Anterior crest of the distal tibia, to medial malleolus

Anterior & lateral surfaces of the distal fibula to lateral malleolus

Question 19

What is the inferior extensor retinaculum?

Answer 19

• Anterior surface of the medial malleolus (superomedial oblique band)
• Medial side of foot at the plantar fascia, navicular tuberosity and medial cuneiform
• dorsal anterior border of the calcaneus

Question 20

Where is the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 20

• medial and anterior surfaces of the medial malleolus

- medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity

Question 21

Where is the peroneal retinaculum?

Answer 21

Superior peroneal retinaculum:

• lateral posterior border of the lateral malleolus
• lateral posterior border of the calcaneus

Inferior peroneal retinaculum

• dorsal anterior border of the calcaneus
• peroneal tubercle of the calcaneus