Lifestyle interventions for CVD

Question 1

The most common manifestation of CVD in coronary heart disease. True or false?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Impaired glucose regulation is a risk factor for developing CVD. True or false?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Male gender is a risk factor of developing CVD. True or false?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is the difference between primary prevention of CVD and secondary prevention?

Answer 4

Primary prevention - no evidence of CVD

Secondary - already have CVD

Question 5

What is used to calculate CVD risk?

Answer 5

QRISK2

Question 6

What is QRISK2?

Answer 6

A diagnostic tool that estimates the risk of developing CVD within the next 10 years

Question 7

QRISK2 cannot be used for patients who have type 2 diabetes. True or false?

Answer 7

False - cannot be used for patients with type 1 diabetes

Question 8

People who exercise regularly half half the risk of developing CHD opposed to those who are sedentary. True or false?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the recommended amount of exercise for children (5-18)?

Answer 9

60 mins of exercise a day plus strength activities three days a week

Question 10

What is the recommended amount of exercise for adults (19-64)?

Answer 10

30 mins moderate exercise 5 days a week and strength exercises 2+ days

Question 11

Fruit and veg intake of 5 servings per day reduces CVD risk by 30%. True or false?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What are the recommendations included in a cardioprotective diet?

Answer 12

Fat intake <30% than total energy intake
Sat fats <7% of total energy intake
4/5 portions of nuts a week
2 portions of oily fish a week
Reduce sugar
Eat 5 portions fruit/veg a day
Sat fats replaced by mono-sat and polyunsaturated
Dietary cholesterol <300mg a day

Question 13

Diet can reduce cholesterol by 5%. True or false?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Statins are used to lower cholesterol in primary prevention if CVD risk is higher than ___% over 10 years

Answer 14

10

Question 15

When starting statin therapy for primary prevention, the aim is to achieve a decrease in >40% of non-HDL cholesterol. True or false?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

If patient is in category of obese 1, their median survival is reduced by how many years?

Answer 16

2-4

Question 17

I patient is in category of obese 3, their median survival is reduced by how many years?

Answer 17

8-10

Question 18

How is central obesity measured?

Answer 18

Waist circumference

Question 19

What is the name of the drug used in treatment of obesity?

Answer 19

Orlistat

Question 20

What is the mechanism of action of orlistat?

Answer 20

Pancreatic lipase inhibitor - reduces fat absorption

Question 21

Orlistat is used with patients with a BMI of?

Answer 21

> 30

Question 22

Orlistat can be prescribed if patient has a BMI of >28 and other risk factors including?

Answer 22

Type 2 diabetes
Hypertension
Hypercholesterolemia

Question 23

Men over 65 who smoke 25 cigarettes a day have 5x risk of developing CHD. True or false?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

After stopping smoking for a year, the risk of heart disease is about half compared to a person who is still smoking. True or false?

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is first line treatment for smoking cessation?

Answer 25

NRT

Question 26

24h nicotine patch is given to patients who suffer vivid dreams. True or false?

Answer 26

False - 16h patch

Question 27

24h patch given if patient craves nicotine first thing in the morning. True or false?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

When should buproprion (smoking) be started?

Answer 28

1-2 weeks before quit date

Question 29

Is aspirin recommended in primary prevention of CVD?

Answer 29

No - risks of bleeding outweigh benefits in primary prevention

Question 30

GPs and Pharmacists should perform NHS Health Check for people aged 40-74. True or false?

Answer 30

True