Anti-hypertensives

Question 1

At what point would you refer patient for immediate specialist treatment?

Answer 1

If BP is higher than 180/110

Question 2

Mild hypertension is asymptomatic. True or false?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Where is ACE found?

Answer 3

In the lungs

Question 4

What does ACE do in relation to bradykinin?

Answer 4

It breaks it down into BK1-7 - when ACE is blocked, bradykinin accumulates in the airways leading to vasodilation

Question 5

What is bradykinin?

Answer 5

an inflammatory mediator in the lungs

Question 6

If ACE is blocked what happens?

Answer 6

Vasodilation

Question 7

A side effect of ACE inhibitors is bronchospasm. Why?

Answer 7

Because it leads to vasoconstriction in the bronchioles,

Question 8

Bradykinin is a vasodilator - true or false?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What are the advantages of using angiotensin II antagonists instead of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 9

Don’t cause dry cough

Reduce salt/water retention

Question 10

All ACE inhibitors dilate arteries only. True or false?

Answer 10

False - dilate veins as well as arteries

Question 11

Which group of hypertensives interacts with grapefruit juice?

Answer 11

Calcium channel blockers

Question 12

What class of drugs is prazosin?

Answer 12

a1 blocker

Question 13

Dihydropyridines such as amlodipine are ________ selective CCBs

Answer 13

vascular

Question 14

Benzothiazepines such as verapamil are _________ selective CCBs

Answer 14

Cardio

Question 15

What are the three types of diuretics?

Answer 15

Thiazide
Loop
Potassium sparing

Question 16

What are the side effects of loop diuretics?

Answer 16

Hypokalaemia
Effect hearing
Gout

Question 17

Clonidine is an _____ agonist. It is a centrally acting drug and reduces CO and TPR

Answer 17

a2

Question 18

Methyldopa blocks DOPA decarboxylase and increases levels of dopamine. True or false?

Answer 18

False - decreases dopamine

Question 19

What is aliskiren’s mechanism of action?

Answer 19

highly potent and selective direct renin inhibitor

Question 20

Hydralazine is a vasoconstrictor. True or false?

Answer 20

False - vasodilator

Question 21

Which vasodilator is used as a last resort for severe and resistant hypertension?

Answer 21

Minoxidil

Question 22

What are the side effects of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 22

Hypokalaemia
Reduced insulin release
Erectile dysfunction