Lifespan development Final Flashcards
Define Menarche
The onset of menstruation
Define Adolescence
The developmental stage that lies between childhood and adulthood
Define puberty
The period during which the sexual organs mature
Define Seccular trend
A pattern of change occurring over several generations
Define Anorexia Nervosa
A severe eating disorder in which individuals refuse to eat, while denying that their behavior and appearance, which may become skeletal, are out of the ordinary
Define Bulimia
An eating disorder characterized by binges on large quantities of food, followed by purges of food through vomiting or laxatives.
Talk about sleep deprivation in adolescents
With increasing academic an social demands paced on them, adolescents go to bed later and get up earlier. As a result, they often lead their lives in something of a sleep-deprived daze.
Define Formal Operational stage
Piaget’s formal operational stage is the stage at which people develop the ability to think abstractly.
Define informational processing perspective
The model that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and store information
Define Metacognition
the knowledge that people have about their own thinking processes and their ability to monitor their cognition
Define adolescent egocentrism
a state of self-absorption in which the world is viewed as focused on oneself
Define Imaginary Audience
An adolescent’s belief that his or her own behavior is a primary focus of others’ attentions and concerns
Personal fables
the view held by some adolescents that what happens to them is unique, exceptional, and shared by no one else
How does socioeconomic status impact school performance and why
How: students of higher SES earn higher grades, score higher on standardized tests of achievement, and complete more years of schooling
Why: Children living in poverty lack many advantages enjoyed by higher SES. Nutrition levels are less adequate. Living in crowded homes they have less places to study. Homes may lack books and computers.
How does sexual orientation develop
develops out of a complex interplay of genetic, physiological, and environmental factors.
In School age children what is a road block for female success?
academic achievement
According to Erikson, the period during which teenagers seek to determine what is unique and distinctive about themselves is called
Identity-versus-identity-confusion stage.
ccording to James Marcia, the status of adolescents who commit to a particular identity following a period of crisis during which they consider various alternatives is called
identity achievement.
Warren is a 16-year-old male who recently started to give away important possessions, stopped eating, and demonstrated general depression by being lethargic and uncommunicative. Warren may be demonstrating a warning sign of
Suicide
Why do adolescents participate in risky behavior?
the adolescent prefrontal cortex is biologically immature
What contributes to the rising number of adolescent suicides?
prevalent availability of guns in the U.S.
When women and minorities hit an invisible barrier within an organization that, because of discrimination, prevents individuals from being promoted beyond a certain level, it is called the
Glass Ceiling
Kiara is a go-getter at her sales job because she likes the finer things of life like sports cars, jewelry, and expensive vacations. Kiara is most likely motivated by
extrinsic motivation.
What is true of homosexual households, compared with heterosexual households?
Labor in the household is more equally divided.
According to Erikson, if a person in his/her 30s is unable to resolve the intimacy-versus-isolation stage, he/she is most likely to demonstrate which of the following characteristics?
fear of relationships
Bernice’s male science professor gives her an easier research project than the males in the class. Although the professor thinks he is being helpful, this makes Bernice feel that she is not being taken seriously and this undermines her view of her competence. The professor is practicing
benevolent sexism.
What type of intelligence allows some people to acquire the ability to relate to others, understand what others are experiencing, and respond to needs of others?
Emotional intelligence
People with disabilities are
often undereducated compared with the general population
A personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness is known as
hardiness.
Which of the following reflects a secure attachment style?
someone who finds it easy to get close to others and is comfortable depending on them
Recent research indicates that first generation college students
are particularly susceptible to difficulties during their first year of college.
Most research regarding marital satisfaction
substantiates the “U-shaped” pattern, where marital satisfaction is high at the beginning, drops down around the birth of children, and then gradually rises back to its original high level.
erry is experiencing dissatisfaction, disillusionment, frustration, and weariness from his job, he’s likely to be suffering from ______________
Burnout
Which of the following statements about empty nest syndrome is true?
Feelings of sadness and distress are temporary and mild.
According to the cycle of violence hypothesis, abused and neglected children ________
are predisposed to be abusive as adults.
Research indicates that stress can produce direct physiological effects, such as
Elevated blood pressure
Which of the following comprise the “Big Five” major cluster of personality traits/characteristics?
neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
______________, in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and thin, is often caused by a lack of calcium in the diet.
Osteoporosis
Which of the following statements about the effects of aging on memory in middle age is true?
Sensory and short-term memory hold steady, but long-term memory declines slightly.
Juanita is feeling stressed today because her children need help with their homework while her elderly parents need someone to take them grocery shopping. Juanita is a member of the
sandwich generation.
Middle-aged people who lose their jobs may be discriminated against when trying to find a new job, which is not only illegal, but based upon misguided assumptions. Which of the following statements is true about middle-aged workers?
Older workers hold their jobs longer and are more reliable.
The death of a spouse leads most often leads to
profound feelings of loss and brings about drastic changes in economic and social changes.
What is true regarding financial issues in late adulthood
Social inequities that various socioeconomic groups experience magnifies with increasing age.
The ego-integrity-versus-despair stage of psychosocial development is characterized by a process of
looking back over one’s life, evaluating it, and coming to terms with it.
A major criticism of Kübler-Ross’s theory is that ______________.
not everyone passes through all the stages once and in sequence
The suicide rate for men in late adulthood
climbs steadily, especially for men over the age of 85.
What statement best describes the use of technology by older adults?
People in late adulthood are increasingly embracing and using technology.
Marge is a strict parent, and does not recall that she got drunk at her senior prom, which does not “fit” with the way she currently views herself. This is an example of
the Pollyanna principle.
At what age are fears about death the greatest?
Middle Age
Which of the following statements about the grieving process is true?
Less than 30 percent of people experience deep depression after a loved one dies.
Which of the following older people is most likely to experience elder abuse?
people with Alzheimer’s or various forms of dementia living in their caretaker’s home an elderly person who resides in assisted living
Define identity foreclosure
The status of adolescence who prematurely commit to an identity without adequately exploring alternative
Define moratorium
The status of adolescents who may have explored various identity alternative but have not yet committed themselves
Identity diffusion
The status of adolescents who consider various identity alternatives, but never commit to one of never even consider identity options in any conscious way.
Define senescence
The natural physical decline brought on by aging
According to Jan Sinnot post formal thought takes into account?
Real world considerations when solving problems. Post formal thinkers can shift back and forth between an abstract, ideal solution and real world constraints.
According to Schaie the acquisitive stage is?
The first stage of cognitive development, encompassing all of childhood an adolescence, in which the main development task is to acquire information
According to Schaie the Achieving stage is?
the point reached by young adults in which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long-term goals regarding careers, family, and societal contributions
According to Schaie the responsible stage is?
The stage in which the major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations, including protecting and nourishing their spouses, families, and careers.
According to Schaie the executive stage is?
the period in middle adulthood when people take a broader perspective than earlier, including concerns about the world
According to Schaie the reintegrative stage is?
The period of late adulthood during which the focus is on tasks that have personal meaning
Steinbergs theory of intelligence is made up of three major components, what are they?
Componential- analysis of data to solve problems
Experiential- How prior experiences are used in problem solving
Contextual- How intelligence is used to face real world demands
Fluid intelligence
reflects information processing capabilities reasoning and memory
crystallized intelligence
the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply to problem solving situations
