Lifespan Flashcards
Renal disease usually leads to drug _______.
Accumulation
What is the most important cause of adverse drug reactions in older adults?
Kidney disease/aging kidney
Liver disease usually leads to drug ______.
Accumulation
Definition: Tolerance
Decreased drug responsiveness due to repeated drug administration
pharmacodynamic tolerance
upregulation/downregulation of receptors (cell adjusts based on continuous agonist/antagonist activity)
metabolic tolerance
CYP450 induction (some drugs increase activity of this enzyme system resulting in more rapid metabolism)
tachyphylaxis
decreased responsiveness to a drug due to multiple doses over a short period of time.
Low albumin (low protein concentration) results in _______ (higher or lower) drug concentration
higher
Does decreased protein binding decrease drug toxicity?
No - the opposite. It increases drug toxicity
Drugs can get trapped in the fetal circulation due to:
ion trapping
teratogenesis
production of congenital anomalies
list the pregnancy drug categories
A: safe, no demonstrated fetal harm
B: animal research suggests safety (inadequate human studies)
C: animal research suggests risk (inadequate human studies)
D: fetal risks are shown, but benefits may outweigh risks in certain situations
X: never an indication to use during pregnancy
Does a higher or lower concentration of drug pass through the blood brain barrier in neonates/infants?
Higher due to immature BBB development
Is the CYP450 system faster or slower in neonates/infants? What are the implications?
Slower. Drug accumulation
Is renal drug excretion faster or slower in neonates/infants? What are the implications?
Slower. Drug accumulation
