lifespan Flashcards
6-12 Psychosocial - what are the extracurricular activities (8)
- increasing range - mirrored by changing interests and increased sense of competence in self
- volunteer or civic responsibility activities - out door pursuits
- sports, bands, choirs, scouts
- higher occupational status, achievement
- greater resilience
- improved cognitive and emotional development
- better study habits, grades and educational aspirations
- better social status relationships
12 -20 psychosocial
Peer pressure dangers
- risk taking behaviours such as teenage pregnancy, gambling, risky driving
- poor personal health behaviours
- eating disoders
- sti
- substance abuse
- social media
these are all confiding to society norm
what is the social clock therapy?
the social clock therapy is also known as the timing of events theory, it is what cultural considerations for age-graded expectations of major life events.
it helps develop, confidence, social, stability, understanding of identity, engagement in productive activities
major events of social clock therapy include
the age you wouldd expect to achieve these things such as
graduate
start uni
first paid job
move out of home
settle with partner
full time employment
major events of social clock therapy include
the age you wouldd expect to achieve these things such as
graduate
start uni
first paid job
move out of home
settle with partner
full time employment
what does the social clock develop?
shared expectations of age appropriate behaviours
it also affects the decisions that people make because they are inclined to follow what is expected of their cultural timeline.
60 + progression
health risk social isolation
- high blood pressure
heart disease
obesity
decreased physical activity
increased sedentary behaviour
stress, anxiety and depression
eriksons stage:
6th year - puberty
Crisi: Industry vs Inferiority
Favourable outcome- ability to learn how things work and understand and organise
Unfavourable outcome - a sense of inferiority at understanding and organising
eriksons stage = adolescence
Crisis identity vs confusion
favourable outcome seeing oneself as unique and integrated person
unfavourable outcome confusion over who and what one really is
eriksons stage - early adulthood
crisis - intimacy vs isolation
favourable outcome - ability to make commitments to love
unfavourable outcome - inability to form affectionate relationships
eriksons stage - middle age
generativity vs self absorption
favourable - concern for family and society in general
unfavourable - concern only for self
eriksons - aging years
integrity vs despair
favourable - a sense of integrity and fulfilment willingness to face death
unfavourable - dissatisfaction with life over despair and prospect of death
Cognitive - 6-12 concrete operational stage what are the operations achieved
- decentre- able to focus on more than one aspect of a task at once - short term memory and attention
- conversation - understood and able to explain why objects remain the same
- reversibility - work through stage of a task mentally and reverse - more complex problem solving
- Hierarchical sequencing - classify similar objects together
seriation - putting things in order based on magnitude or quantity (counting) - spatial reasoning - understand and draw conclusions from environment about locations and distance
12-20 year formal operational thoughts- decision Making
stage 4 of eriksons
decision making
- less risky behaviours
- impulse control is typically poor
- recall ongoing development of amygdala, hippocampus and frontal lobe
- best decisions occur when calm but emotionally aroused
- executive functions, attention, learning and memory are still developing
cognitive - 20-40 years Cognitive developments
Most functions are improving during this period such as
executive functions such as planning, flexibility, and decision making increase, supported and confirmed by life events
sustained attention, language and memory likely to increase. functions are attended to practice, repetition and context
processing speed likely to gradually increase
40 -60 years - changes in cognitive functions
- gradual decline in some cognitive function is considered normally and likely multifactorial
- decrease executive functions
- less easy to divide attention, processing speed slows
- working memory declines
- more difficult to inhibit irrelevant information
- compensatory mechanisms include knowledge and experience may be used to address changes
60 + years
area of cognitive declines
Executive functions decreased
- processing speed
- working memory
- planning
Complex attention decreased
- sustained
- divided
- selective
- processing
decreased Free and cued recall
- recalling certain experiences
decreased verbal fluency - based on executive functions
decreased flexibility - more concrete thinking
specialised movement phase on gallahues table
Stability - balance beam routine, defending a goal in soccer
Locomotion- 100m sprint or hurdles, walking on a crowded street
manipulation - kicking/shooting a goal, striking a pitched ball
Proficiency barrier
Transitional stage
application stage
lifelong learning stage
transitional stage
- initial refinement and combination of FMS , starting to get the idea
application stage
attempting to refine and apply more specialised skills emphasis on technique, form and precision, food standards are more important
lifelong learning stage
self - selection of limited types of physical activity
choice of activity - based on - interests, motivation and fun, fitness
fine tuning stage
Physical 12-20 motor changes
Female - advantaged for skills required balance and flexibility
male advantage - skills requring strength, power and endurancee, increased muscle mass, oxygen, capacity, decreased fat mass, longer arms, wider shoulders
12- 20 risk taking brain
- amygdala and hippocampus increase volume - memory and emotion
- prefrontal cortex- slower to develop
- lag between development can lead to increase risk taking behaviour
- neurones more responsive to excitatory neurotransmitters = heightened emotion and reward
20-40 physiological motor changes
peak performance of reaction time occurs during the third decade 20s does attention, speed of cognition
reaction will will decrease in later adolescents - early adulthood
slows down beyond 20s
Physical 40-60 balance and gait
appears stable provided all systems are not compromised such as the -muscuoskeletal - bone mass, gender differences
visual, vestibular and somatosensory
body morphology, structure and form
Physical 40-60 changes - strength
gradual decline in strength observed between 50-70 years
up to 50% of loss of strength due to ageing
muscles fibres function and atrophy
tendons stiffen - less flexible
40-60 reaction time
worsens as we age
motor pattern changes likely to occur gradually
combine sensory and physiological changes
60 + progression
Senescence
biological process decline that occurs during ageing- normal ageing
primary ageing
maturational process considered enviable with a geeing - skin drying, hair thinning
secondary ageing
effects of environmental or disease process on the human body
60 + progression of physiological changes
progression of physiological changes follows changes, from middle adulthood
as well as oestopenia and sarcopenia
Oestopenia
loss of bone mass
sacropenia
loss of skeletal muscle mass
60+ progression strength
up to 50% loss off trength due to physiological ageing, inactivity or other r health concerns
60 + progression gait nad balance
older adults display, decreased stride length, reductions in toe-floor clearance, decreased gait, velocity -speed, increased out toeing, wide step
more prone to fall
