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HA- Theory Test 2 > LIFESPAN > Flashcards

LIFESPAN Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Developmental Domains

A

Physical development is defined as the pattern of changes that occur in biological processes, therefore resulting in changes of a physical nature.

Cognitive development can be viewed as patterns of changes in thought, intelligence, and languages.

Psychosocial development explores patterns of changes in relationships, emotions, and temperament and personality

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2
Q

What are the Developmental Periods?

A 
Prenatal 	
       Conception- birth 
Infancy 
	0-1	years is a young infant 
        1-2 years is an older infant 
Childhood 	
         2-5 years (Young Child) 
         6-12 years (Older child) 
Adolescence
 	12-20 years 
Early adulthood 	
        20-40 years 
Middle adulthood 	
       40-60 years 
Older adulthood 	
       60+ years (progression) 
       60+ years (wellbeing)
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3
Q

prenatal periods

A

Zygote 0-1 weeks
Embryonic 1-8 weeks
Foetal 8weeks – birth

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4
Q

Key development theorists

A

Physical development theorists is
We will predominantly use Gallahue’s Model for Classifying Movement to learn about the phases of motor development. We also use Gesell’s developmental principles.

Cognitive theorist
We will be using Piaget’s theory to explore milestones of cognitive development

Psychosocial development
Erikson

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5
Q

What are teratogens?

A
  • Teratogens are any environmental agents that causes damage during the prenatal period
  • Prescription and non-prescription drugs
  • Illegal drugs
  • Tobacco
  • Alcohol – fatal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
  • Radiation
  • Environmental Pollution
  • Infectious diseases
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6
Q

Chromosomes

A 
Chromosomes 
23	airs 
1	pair of sex chromosomes X and Y 
-	male needs an X and Y to be male 
-	female needs two Xs
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7
Q

Gesell’s Developmental Principles

A
  1. Direction of control of development
    - Cephalocaudal (head to foot)
    - Proximo-distal (midline-extremities)
  2. Reciprocal interweaving
    - Gross to fine movements (Differentiation)
    - Simple to complex (Integration)
    - Involuntary to Voluntary
  3. Posture
    - Stability to mobility
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8
Q

Growth vs maturation

A

Growth
- Physical changes in quantity rather than skill changes (Commonly body size)
Maturation
- Progression along a pre-defined continuum to a more advanced st5ate (time FRAME OF DEVELOPMENTAL EVENTS)

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9
Q

Gallahues reflective movement phase discusses

A
  • Stability - labyrinthine righting reflex, neck righting reflex and body righting reflex
  • Locomotion – crawling, stepping and swimming reflex
  • Manipulation – grasping – palmar and plantar, pull-up reflex
    Conception to 6 months
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10
Q

Gallahues rudimentary Movement phase

A
  • Stability – head and neck control, trunk control, unsupported sitting, standing
  • Locomotion – crawling, creeping, upright gait
  • Manipulation – reaching, grasping and releasing
    6-24 months
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11
Q

Gallahues rudimentary Movement phase discusses

A
  • Stability – head and neck control, trunk control, unsupported sitting, standing
  • Locomotion – crawling, creeping, upright gait
  • Manipulation – reaching, grasping and releasing
    6-24 months
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12
Q

Manipulation

A

Manipulation: Prehension

  • Reaching- moving hand from initial location to target
  • Grasping – shaping of the hand around the object
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13
Q

Types of Reflexes

A

Primitive
Postural/locomotor reflexes
Postural

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14
Q

Types of primitive reflexes

A
  • Sucking
  • Rooting
  • Moro Startle
  • Babinski
  • Grasping (Palmar)
  • Grasping (Plantar)
  • Tonic neck – Asymmetric
  • Tonic neck – symmetric
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15
Q

Postural and locomotor reflexes

A
  • Head and body righting
  • Labyrinthine righting
  • Pull-up
  • Parachute
  • Stepping
  • Swimming
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16
Q

Describe Language in the 1st year

A
  • Baby changes from reflexive to self-assertive, purposeful, problem-solving beginning, has begun to master language
  • Cognition and language mutually support each other
  • One year- One-word sentences
  • Start to represent the world with symbols, most importantly language
  • Extend object permanence to consistencies of many types
17
Q

language milestones up to 12 months

A

2 months - infants coo, making pleasant vowel sounds
4 months- infants observe caregiver playing turn-taking games
6 months - infants babble, adding consonant sounds
8-12 months - infants comprehend some words, establish joint attention with caregiver who names objects. infants use preverbal gestures e.g showing, point, waving bye

18
Q

sensorimotor stage ( Birth-24 months) Piagets

A

repeating chance behaviours which last (birth -8 months)
- actions maybe reflex initially but baby starts to volitionally repeat to get the visual/auditory/tactile response

Intentional behaviour which last 8-18 months
- beginning of problem solving. E.g able to uncover a hidden toy, pull a toy on a string, Imitation of adult actions, try different actions to achieve an outcome
mental representation which lasts 18-24 months

  • create mental pictures of objects, people, places and concepts by grouping together similar objects/events. experiment with actions in their heads not just trait and error
19
Q

eriksons stages:

A

1st year of life is Trust verse Mis trust

2nd year of life is Autonomy vs Doubt and Shame

20
Q

trust versus mistrust

A

trust during infancy is achieved by having basic nets met by responsive and sensitive caregivers
mis trust is developed through uncertainty about the future and inconsistent needs met.
approximate age prior infancy
defining event - mutual affirmation

21
Q

autonomy vs doubt and shame

A

autonomy is developed as a toddler by being permitted to assert ones will and establish a rudimentary sense of independence.
shame and doubt is develop out of overly harsh and inconsistent discipline and smothering behaviours by caregivers
toddlers
terrible twos

22
Q

Bowlby’s theory of Attachment

A
  1. Pre-attachment phase Birth – 6 weeks
  2. Attachment in making phase 6 weeks – 6-8 months
  3. Clear cut attachment phase 6-8 months to 18-2 years
  4. Formation of Reciprocal relationships 18 months – 2 years and on
23
Q
  1. Pre-attachment phase Birth – 6 weeks
A

Pre-attachment (birth to 6 weeks)

• Babies built in signals attract adults to provide care (do not discriminate)

24
Q

Attachment in the making ( 6 weeks to approx 6-8 months)

A

Attachment in the making ( 6 weeks to approx 6-8 months)
• Expect caregiver to respond but not concerned if separated. (directs towards parent/caregiver- but not separation anxiety)

25
Q

clear-cut attachment (6-7 months to 18-24 months)

A

clear-cut attachment (6-7 months to 18-24 months)

• Display separation anxiety. Can attach to several people

26
Q

Formation of a reciprocal relationship (18-24 months onwards)

A

Formation of a reciprocal relationship (18-24 months onwards)
• Start to understand parent coming and going and that they will return

27
Q

Sensory development at birth

A

Sensory development at Birth

Poorly developed 
-	Vision 
-	Proprioception 
Well developed 
-	Hearing 
-	Smell – olfactory 
-	Taste – gustatory 
-	Tactile – light, touch, pressure, temp, pain
-	Vestibular – balance
28
Q

Personality and Temperament

A

Personality and Temperament

  • Big 5 traits
  • Openness to experience
  • Conscientiousness
  • Extraversion-introversion
  • Agreeable ness
  • Neuroticism
29
Q

Personality development

A

Personality development
• Trust vs mistrust (1st year)
• When resolved on the positive side with responsive attuned parenting the infant feels secure to venture out
• Factors affecting parental responsiveness
• Personal happiness
• Life conditions
• Culturally valued child-rearing
Parental responsiveness ( not infant responsiveness- infant very dependent on parents)

30
Q

Basic emotional development

A

Basic emotional development
• Happiness, Anger, Fear, Sadness
• Emotional expressions become more organised (6 months)
• Social referencing (8 - 10 months):
• Seeking emotional information from trusted person (parent/caregiver) in uncertain situation
• Voice plus facial expression more effective reassurance than facial expression alone

HA- Theory Test 2 (3 decks)

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