LIFEGARD4

Question 1

how do lakes and manmade reservoirs differ in how they are formed

Answer 1

lakes form in natural basins and manmade reservoirs are created through the building of a dam

Question 2

is recreational activity prohibited in all lakes and reservoirs

Answer 2

no some permit recreational activity but some do not

Question 3

what causes water movement in lakes and reservoirs

Answer 3

inlets and outlets /wind stress /surface waves /internal pressure gradients

Question 4

what type of water bed shelving can be present in lakes and reservoirs

Answer 4

gently shelving /steeply shelving /sudden drop offs /irregular surface

Question 5

what is a dam

Answer 5

a dam is a barrier that controls the flow of water

Question 6

what are some of the hazards presented by dams

Answer 6

slip trip and fall hazard from extreme heights /deep and cold water hazard /strainers caused by water outlets /turbulent and irregular water flow caused by water outlets

Question 7

what is a common cause of flooding in the uk

Answer 7

excessive rainfall or burst waterways

Question 8

what are some of the sources of pollution and debris in flood water

Answer 8

sewage and storm water discharge /chemicals and toxic waste /industrial waste /agricultural waste and animal run off /vehicle discharge oil battery acid petrol and dissel

Question 9

apart from pollution what are the hazards of flood water

Answer 9

irregular water bed /strainers /irregular and fast flowing currents /cushion waves /eddies /hydraulics

Question 10

if the area where you live is at risk of flooding what items should you keep in a flood kit

Answer 10

warm water proof clothing /blankets /first aid kit /bottled water /food / torch /phone

Question 11

what can happen to drain covers during flooding

Answer 11

they can be lifted and washed away by the flood water

Question 12

what common manmade structures on the beach and coast have the potential to cause hazards

Answer 12

piers /sea walls /supports /flood defences /groynes / erosion defences

Question 13

what hazards can be caused by piers groynes and sea walls

Answer 13

slip trip and fall hazard /rip currents and irregular water flow hazard where structures extend into the water /irregular seabed composition hazard caused by erosion from the irregular water flow

Question 14

the tides are mainly caused by the gravitational force of what

Answer 14

the moon

Question 15

how long dose it take the tide to flood and fall/ebb

Answer 15

approximately 6hrs to rise and 6hrs to fall

Question 16

what dose slack water mean

Answer 16

it is time between the the tides when the sea is neither flooding nor ebbing

Question 17

is the tide measured vertically or horizontally

Answer 17

vertically

Question 18

what is the area between the low tide line and the high tide line of the beach called

Answer 18

intertidal zone

Question 19

where will the tide flood further up the beach where the beach is shallow shelving of steeply shelving

Answer 19

shallow shelving