Life Stages & Milestones Flashcards
Infancy
0-1 year
Basic Trust vs Mistrust
Early Childhood
1-3 years
Autonomy vs Shame
Play Age
3-6 years
Initiative vs Guilt
School Age
6-12 years
Industry vs Inferiority
Adolescence
12-19 years
Identity vs Confusion
Early Adulthood
20-25 years
Intimacy vs Isolation
Adulthood
26-64 years
Generativity vs Stagnation
Old Age
65-death
Integrity vs Despair
What is the ATNR reflex? When should it be present in infants?
“ Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex “
when in supine, a child’s head rotation will elicit chin side arm & leg extension with skull side arm & leg flexion
present between newborn - 6 months
What is the TLR reflex? When should it be present in infants?
“ Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex “
if the neck extends, extensor tone increases and all limbs extend. if the neck flexes, flexor tone increases and all limbs flex as well.
present from newborn to 6 months
What is the primary standing reflex? When is it present in infants?
infant will accept weight on their legs for the first 20-30 seconds, then collapse due to their inability to sustain the weight load
present from newborn to 2 months
also known as the positive support reflex
What is the clinical significance of the ATNR reflex?
if ATNR does not integrate in a child, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) may develop later on in adolescence.
Anterior Protective Extension
arms extend forward to prevent from falling
emerges 6-9 months
Lateral Protective Extension
arms extend sideways to prevent falling
emerges 6-9 months
Upper Extremity Parachute
in prone horizontal suspension, if a child is moved towards surface head first - symmetrical arm extension and abduction will occur
emerges 6-7 months
Posterior Protective Extension
extends arms backwards to brace their fall
emerges 9 months
When should an infant be able to lift their head in prone?
by 2 months
When should an infant develop midline orientation?
(Ex: holding a toy at midline)
by 3 months
When should an infant have the ability to sit independently with no hand support?
6 months
When should an infant achieve the quadruped position?
7-9 months
When does sitting become the preferred position for an infant?
8 months
What kind of posture is preferred by an infant between 10-12 months of age?
vertical postures
When should walking occur in a typically developing infant?
usually at a year - but can be anywhere in the 9-14 month window
When has a child’s mature gate fully developed?
7 years old
