Life Stages & Milestones Flashcards

1
Q

Infancy

A

0-1 year
Basic Trust vs Mistrust

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2
Q

Early Childhood

A

1-3 years
Autonomy vs Shame

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3
Q

Play Age

A

3-6 years
Initiative vs Guilt

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4
Q

School Age

A

6-12 years
Industry vs Inferiority

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5
Q

Adolescence

A

12-19 years
Identity vs Confusion

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6
Q

Early Adulthood

A

20-25 years
Intimacy vs Isolation

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7
Q

Adulthood

A

26-64 years
Generativity vs Stagnation

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8
Q

Old Age

A

65-death
Integrity vs Despair

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9
Q

What is the ATNR reflex? When should it be present in infants?

A

“ Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex “

when in supine, a child’s head rotation will elicit chin side arm & leg extension with skull side arm & leg flexion

present between newborn - 6 months

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10
Q

What is the TLR reflex? When should it be present in infants?

A

“ Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex “

if the neck extends, extensor tone increases and all limbs extend. if the neck flexes, flexor tone increases and all limbs flex as well.

present from newborn to 6 months

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11
Q

What is the primary standing reflex? When is it present in infants?

A

infant will accept weight on their legs for the first 20-30 seconds, then collapse due to their inability to sustain the weight load

present from newborn to 2 months

also known as the positive support reflex

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12
Q

What is the clinical significance of the ATNR reflex?

A

if ATNR does not integrate in a child, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) may develop later on in adolescence.

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13
Q

Anterior Protective Extension

A

arms extend forward to prevent from falling

emerges 6-9 months

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14
Q

Lateral Protective Extension

A

arms extend sideways to prevent falling

emerges 6-9 months

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15
Q

Upper Extremity Parachute

A

in prone horizontal suspension, if a child is moved towards surface head first - symmetrical arm extension and abduction will occur

emerges 6-7 months

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16
Q

Posterior Protective Extension

A

extends arms backwards to brace their fall

emerges 9 months

17
Q

When should an infant be able to lift their head in prone?

A

by 2 months

18
Q

When should an infant develop midline orientation?
(Ex: holding a toy at midline)

A

by 3 months

19
Q

When should an infant have the ability to sit independently with no hand support?

A

6 months

20
Q

When should an infant achieve the quadruped position?

A

7-9 months

21
Q

When does sitting become the preferred position for an infant?

A

8 months

22
Q

What kind of posture is preferred by an infant between 10-12 months of age?

A

vertical postures

23
Q

When should walking occur in a typically developing infant?

A

usually at a year - but can be anywhere in the 9-14 month window

24
Q

When has a child’s mature gate fully developed?

A

7 years old

25
Q

When does the vestibular system fully develop in children?

A

12 years of age

26
Q

When does the vestibular system fully develop in children?

A

12 years of age

27
Q

When is adult-like postural control developed in children?

A

7 years of age

28
Q

What direction does typical development move?

A

cephalic to caudal & proximal to distal

29
Q

At what point should we no longer see head lag in an infant?

A

4 months

30
Q

What is Advanced Maternal Age (AMA)?

A

describes a pregnancy where the mother is older than 35

31
Q

What is considered ‘middle age’?

A

40 to 65 years

32
Q

What is the ideal body alignment?

A

vertical line of gravity falls between…
-mastoid process
-anterior to shoulder joints
-hip joints
-anterior to knee joints
-anterior to ankle joints

33
Q

What age range shows the greatest decline in spinal extension?

A

older adulthood: 70-84 years