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Nutrition > life stage nutrition for cats and dogs > Flashcards

life stage nutrition for cats and dogs Flashcards

1
Q

DMB

A

dry-matter basis

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2
Q

What is the DMB

A

% of nutrients available in a food where the moisture content is 0%

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3
Q

Ml of water per KG of weight - dogs

A

60-80ml/kg

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4
Q

Ml of water per KG of weight - cats

A

50ml/kg

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5
Q

T or F: Water should always be readily available or ad lib

A

true

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6
Q

gestation period for dogs

A

63 days

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7
Q

only ___% of fetal mass has developed by day 35 (gestation in dogs)

A

2%

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8
Q

puppies gain 70% of their birth weight after _____ days (dog gestation)

A

42 days

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9
Q

T or F: Energy requirements increase by 10%/week until parturition (dog/cat gestation)

A

true

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10
Q

when are energy needs at their highest during canine gestation?

A

6-8 weeks

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11
Q

do energy requirements increase or decrease after whelping?

A

yes, they increase and the highest energy requirement is between 3-5 weeks (requires 2-4x more energy than non-nursers)

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12
Q

T or F: energy requirements return to maintenance levels about 10 weeks after whelping

A

false - 8 weeks

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13
Q

What happens when a nursing mom is fed too much fat?

A

it can penetrate the myometrium which results in weaker uterine contractions leading to dystocia

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14
Q

dystocia

A

painful or obstructed labour

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15
Q

newborn puppies have very little energy resources which means what?

A

they eat what’s given to them until the final 3rd stage of gestitation

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16
Q

Omega-3 and Omega-6 are important for what? (dog gestation)

A

brain health and development of fetus

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17
Q

% DMB of fats for reproductive diets

A

19% DMB

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18
Q

protein needs increase by what when nearing parturition? (dog gestation)

A

40-70%

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19
Q

for optimal reproductive health, diet should include _____% of DMB crude protein

A

25-35%

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20
Q

% of carbs DMB for reproductive diets

A

23% DMB

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21
Q

why is folic acid (vit. B) important for gestation

A

prevents nutritionally based clef palates and spina bifida in babies

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22
Q

colostrum

A

immunoglobins/ essential antibodies that protect newborns
transmitted through nursing
needs to be absored 12-24 h after death

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23
Q

maltodextrin

A

glucose polymer(string of sugar) used in formulas for premature babies
easily absorbed in milk
puppies should be fet every 6 hours for 12-48 hours after birth

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24
Q

T or F: a dog can produce up to 3x its’ body weight in milk during lactation

A

true

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25
Q

what’s an important thing to feed dogs in lactation

A

energy-dense and nutrient-dense diets

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26
Q

gestation period for cats

A

63 days

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27
Q

taurine

A

essential for cats and needs to be provided through diet

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28
Q

by lactation, energy needs in cats increase by _______% from maintenance

A

40-50%

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29
Q

T or F: poor diets being given to queens can impact the weight gain, nursing and health of a kitten

A

true

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30
Q

recommended energy allowance for gestation in cats

A

90-110kcal/kg-BW/day or up to 70% maintenance

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31
Q

ad libitum feeding allows the queen to what?

A

adjust her food intake as needed to meet energy requirements

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32
Q

a protein deficiency during pregnancy can result in what? (cats)

A

low birth weights
impaired immune function
neonatal death

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33
Q

% DMB of fats for gestation diets (cats)

A

18-35%

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34
Q

which omega acid is vital in pregnant queens

A

DHA - omega-3 fatty acid

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35
Q

% DMB of carbs for gestation diets (cats)

A

10%

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36
Q

why are carbs important for pregnant cats?

A

protects against weight loss
spares protein from being used as energy
not being used for energy means it can be used for growth and repair

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37
Q

What needs to be carefully monitored when it comes to puppies and their growth rate?

A

diet. energy, Ca and EFA levels need to be monitored to prevent obesity, abnormal bone development, impaired neurological development in puppies

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38
Q

puppies use _____% of energy for maintaining normal bodily function

A

50%

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39
Q

energy needs for growth decrease to _____% when puppies reach ___% of their adult weight

A

8-10%; 80%

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40
Q

giant dog breeds reach 50% of their body weight by _____ _____ of age

A

5 months of age

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41
Q

large dog breeds continue to grow until ____ ____ of age

A

18-24 months of age

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42
Q

small dogs reach ____% of their body weight by ___ ___ of age

A

50%; 3 months of age

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43
Q

nursing from 0-8 weeks of age covers what? (small dogs)

A

major part of their growth phase
reducing bone deformities during development

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44
Q

why colostrum is vitally important

A

contains immunoglobins
rich in protein
higher in minerals compared to milk
after 24 hours of whelpings, changes over to milk

45
Q

neonatal puppies may need what?

A

nutritional support if orphaned or unable to nurse

46
Q

puppies should gain ____% of birth weight daily

A

10-15%

47
Q

2 commercial milk replacer options

A

ready to feed liquids
powder

48
Q

4 hand-feeding options

A

eye-droppers
syringes
nursing bottles (nipple size is important)
feeding tubes

49
Q

start weaning at ______ weeks of age

A

3-4 weeks of age - when they start developing their teeth/teethin

50
Q

appropriate puppy milk replacer

A

should be mixing replacer with a ratio of 50:50 with water
should be offered 2-3x/day until drinking on own

51
Q

how can we introduce puppies to food without making them go cold turkey with a milk replacer?

A

combine canned food with milk replacer (diet should be complete and balanced)

52
Q

puppies are normally fully weaned at ____ ___ of age

A

5-6 weeks of age

53
Q

3 common causes of weaning diarrhea

A

GI immaturity
immunity
infectious disease

54
Q

when are the requirements for protein and amino acids at their highest with puppies

A

at weaning

55
Q

recommended protein intake for small, medium and large dogs over 14 weeks of age

A

22-32% DMB

56
Q

recommended fat intake for growing puppies

A

10-25% DMB

57
Q

kittens can increase their weight by what in a rapid growth phase

A

14-30g/day

58
Q

T or F: energy requirements decrease after being neutered in male cats

A

true

59
Q

how much protein do kittens needs

A

35-50% DMB

60
Q

how much fat do kittens need

A

18-35% DMB

61
Q

small dog breeds can reach maturity when

A

6 months to 1 year

62
Q

large and giant dog breeds can reach maturity when

A

1 year to 18 months

63
Q

cats can reach maturity when

A

12 to 18 months (18 for large breeds)

64
Q

obesity impacts ____% of dogs and ____%

A

56% of dogs and 60% of cats

65
Q

water takes up how much body weight of an adult dog

A

56%

66
Q

T or F: clean, fresh water should always be available to all animals

A

true

67
Q

young adult dogs should have what % of fat in their diet

A

10-20% DMB

68
Q

obese-prone dogs should have what % of fat in their dietv

A

7-10% DMB

69
Q

adult cats should have what % of fat in their diet

A

10-30% DMB

70
Q

obese-prone cats should have what % of fat in their diet

A

9-17% DMB

71
Q

healthy dogs should have what % of fiber in their diet

A

5% DMB

72
Q

obese prone dogs should have what % of fiber in their diets

A

10% DMB

73
Q

healthy cats should have what % of fiber in their diets

A

5% DMB

74
Q

obese-prone cats should have what % of fiber in their diets

A

15% DMB

75
Q

T or F: fiber has been shown to reduce hairballs in cats

A

true

76
Q

protein content in dog food varies from ____%

A

15-60%

77
Q

recommended amount of protein content in dog food

A

15-30% DMB

78
Q

T or F: after EAA requirements are met there is no physiological benefit to excessive protein

A

true

79
Q

what is excess protein processed by

A

processed by the liver and excreted by the kidneys

80
Q

why is it crucial to meet protein needs in cats

A

they aren’t able to adapt to low-levels of dietary protein

81
Q

recommended protein levels should fall between ___% for cats

A

30-45% DMB

82
Q

T or F: excessive protein is used for energy and maintaining blood glucose levels

A

true

83
Q

4 things to focus on for senior cats and dogs

A

maintenance of optimal nutrition
risk factor management
disease management
improvement in quality and length of life

84
Q

4 disease more common in senior pets

A

athritis
kidney disease
obesity
cognitive dysfunction

85
Q

senior pets should be examined every ____ months

A

6 months

86
Q

what should be monitored at senior pet exams

A

pain
weight
oral health
underlying diseases

87
Q

adults and senior pets make up ___% of our client population

A

90%

88
Q

why is important for water to always be available to our senior pets

A

cause cause dehydration
diuretic medications
kidney disease
impaired thirst sensitivity

89
Q

sarconpenia

A

normal muscle loss as pets age because of sedentary lifestyle and decreased muscle production

90
Q

cachexia

A

muscle loss caused by an underlying disease process

91
Q

BCS and MCS

A

complement each other during phsyical examinations of our senior pets

92
Q

an example of when protein restriction would be needed

A

with renal disease

93
Q

T or F: protein requirements increase in the senior stage of life

A

true

94
Q

T or F: aging in dogs can lead to muscle atrophy

A

true

95
Q

T or F: while dietary protein can help with muscle loss it can increase the workload on the kidneys

A

true

96
Q

T or F: feeding specific amino acids can target specific issues to stimulate development

A

true

97
Q

T or F: AAFCO does not recognize senior life-stages

A

true

98
Q

T or F: there is no way to ensure phos. hasnt been restricted in OTC diets

A

true

99
Q

why can fiber be beneficial to senior pets

A

decreased water intake cause constripation which fiber can combat as well as normalize the GI tract

100
Q

T or F: 1-3 arthritic dogs are also overweight

A

true

101
Q

T or F: athritic cats can have inappropriate urinations or a geneally decreased mobility

A

true

102
Q

cals from protein recommended for working dogs

A

30-35%

103
Q

cals from fat recommended for working dogs

A

50-65%

104
Q

cals from carbs recommended for working dogs

A

10-15%

105
Q

for working dogs, meals should be given when?

A

one meal - 4h pre exercise and one meal - 2h post exercise

106
Q

amino acids provide ___% of the energy used during exercise

A

5-15%

107
Q

T or F: muscle and organ-based meats have the highest essential amino-acid content

A

true

108
Q

working dogs rely on what for fuel

A

muscle glycogen and free fatty acids

Nutrition (6 decks)

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