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Nutrition > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Animals that have a single stomach (cats, dogs, humans)

A

monogastric

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2
Q

Animals that have multiple compartmentalized stomachs (cows, sheep, goats)

A

ruminent

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3
Q

What begins once a meal is consumed?

A

the process of extracting nutrients and creating energy

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4
Q

Being that eats only plants (cows, horses, goats, rabbits)

A

herbivore

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5
Q

Being that eats both meat and plants (dogs, pigs)

A

omnivore

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6
Q

Being that eats only meat (cats)

A

carnivores

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7
Q

What is the digestion process?

A

breaking down larger molecules into smaller , useable components

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8
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

physical breakdown of food (mastication (chewing), GI movements)

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9
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

chemical reactions breaking down bonds of macromolecules

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10
Q

What happens once molecules are small enough?

A

they absorb across intestinal membranes, entering the body

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11
Q

The digestive system is required for what?

A

ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolization and excretion

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12
Q

Digestive system

A

oral cavity (lips, tongue, teeth salivary glands)
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small inestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum, anus)
accessory organs (salivary glands, pancreas, gall bladder and liver)

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13
Q

Oral cavity

A

lips
teeth
tongue
salivary glands

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14
Q

Oral cavity terms

A

prehension - the act of bringing food into the mouth
mastication - mechanical-breakdown of food by chewing it into smaller pieces

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15
Q

Salivary glands

A

aids in chemical digestion, lubrication, produces proteins, enzymes, immunoglobulins, water, mucous

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16
Q

Pharynx (throat)

A

food passes through pharynx/directed to esophagus
prevents food from entering larynx/trahea

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17
Q

Esophagus

A

muscular tube connects pharynx to stomach
lined with mucosal folds to allow expansion as food passes
peristalsis - involuntary contraction/relaxation of muscles that creates a wave to push contents forward

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18
Q

Swallowing/deglutition

A

food is thoroughly chewed/mixed with saliva - forms a bolus
deglutition - process where food bolus moves from oral cavity to stomach

19
Q

3 phases of deglutition

A

voluntary
involuntary (pharyngeal)
involuntary (esophageal)

20
Q

Voluntary deglutition

A

requires consciousness, tongue pushes bolus to pharynx

21
Q

Involuntary deglutition (pharyngeal)

A

controlled by swallowing center in brainstem
epiglottis covers tracheal opening
food bolus is move to esophagus

22
Q

Involuntary deglutition (esophageal)

A

peristalsis is initiated
pushes food down the esophagus to stomach

23
Q

3 regions of the stomach

A

cardia
fundus
pylorus

24
Q

Distension of the stomach stimulates the secretion of what? and what production does it initiate?

A

secretion of gastrin, initiating the production of gastric juices

25
Q

What happens to broken down food mixed with gastric juices?

A

enters the duodenum (mixture is called chyme)

26
Q

How does chyme enter the duodenum?

A

slow, controlled pace due to the low pH/hyertonic qualities

27
Q

Location of stomach

A

left side of cranial abdomen behind diaphragm

28
Q

List some functions of the stomach

A

reservoir for food
mechanical digestion (stomach muscle kneeds and mix food into small pieces)
chemical digestion (enzymes/acids break down chemical bonds)
aids in B12 absorption

29
Q

Small intestines

A

extend from pyloric sphincter to beginning of large intestines
carries chyme from stomach to large intestines
suspended from body wall by the mesentery

30
Q

3 things the small intestines are composed of

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

31
Q

duodenum carries _____ from the stomach to jejunum

A

chyme

32
Q

_____ is the longest part of the small inestine (most chemical digestion/absorption happens here)

A

jejunum

33
Q

Contents that enter the ______ empty into the large intestine

A

ileum

34
Q

_________ is almost indistinguishable from the __________

A

ileum;jejunum

35
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

cells that act as part of the immune system of the GI tract and aids in filtering fluids

36
Q

T or F: Absorption happens mostly in the small intestine due to surface area

A

true

37
Q

List some things that can impact absorption

A

overall length - many loops and coils
mucosal lining is plicated - folded
mucosal lining consists of Villi - finger-like cells that project upwards and move back/forth (increases the contact of liquid against mucosa)

38
Q

Small _______ and lymph vessels within the
______ collect nutrients from the liquid contents
and put them into systemic circulation

A

capillaries;villi

39
Q

Pancreas

A

responsible for many things in the body and contributes to digestion

40
Q

5 digestive enzymes of the pancreas

A

amylase - breakdown starch
lipase - breakdown fat
nuclease - breakdown nuclenic acids
protease - breakdown proteins
anticipation of food

41
Q

____ is the largest digestive gland in the body

A

Liver

42
Q

Blood leaving the ____ _____ is filtered through the ______ to prevent re entering of bacteria

A

GI tract;liver

43
Q

______ is necessary for lipid digestion

A

bile

44
Q

______ is released from the ______ into the _____ _____’

A

bile;liver;bile duct

Nutrition (6 decks)

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