Life Span Development

Question 1

What is lifespan development?

Answer 1

Refers to age-related changes that occur from birth, throughout a person’s life, into and during old age.

Question 2

Name the six stages of lifespan development.

Answer 2

• Prenatal Development
• Infancy
• Childhood
• Adolescence
• Early Adulthood
• Middle Age
• Older Age

Question 3

What occurs during the first trimester of prenatal development?

Answer 3

Embryological and foetal development where the beginnings of all the major organ systems appear being laid down as ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Question 4

What is primarily developed during the second trimester of prenatal development?

Answer 4

Development of organs and organ systems; body shape and proportions change.

Question 5

What happens during the third trimester of prenatal development?

Answer 5

Rapid foetal growth and deposition of adipose tissue; major organ systems become fully functioning.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: The placenta starts developing at week ______.

Answer 6

1

Question 7

When does the heart and foetal circulation begin to develop?

Answer 7

Week 3

Question 8

What dramatic changes occur at birth regarding the circulatory system?

Answer 8

• Blood rushes into the pulmonary system
• Ductus Arteriosus constricts
• Foramen Ovale closes
• Ductus Venosus closure

Question 9

True or False: Humans are born fully formed.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What are the characteristics of the respiratory system in infants?

Answer 10

• Rib cage is soft & cartilaginous
• Poorly developed intercostal muscles
• Preferential nasal breathers
• Airway diameters are small

Question 11

How many bones are infants born with?

Answer 11

300

Question 12

What is the average weight gain for infants in the first 6 months?

Answer 12

2lb per month

Question 13

What is the typical weight for a 1-year-old boy?

Answer 13

10kg

Question 14

Identify the age range for childhood.

Answer 14

From 2 – 10 years

Question 15

What marks the beginning of adolescence?

Answer 15

Puberty (10-14 years for girls and 12-16 years for boys)

Question 16

What changes occur in the musculoskeletal system during adolescence?

Answer 16

• Accelerated bone deposition
• Increased strength and endurance of skeletal muscle

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The boundary between adolescence and maturity is ______.

Answer 17

hazy

Question 18

What is transient exuberance in the context of physical growth?

Answer 18

Rapid growth phases where body parts grow at different rates.

Question 19

What are factors influencing growth and development?

Answer 19

• Genetic factors
• Environmental factors (family, culture, nutrition, etc.)

Question 20

What is the impact of poor nutrition on a child’s growth?

Answer 20

A poorly nourished child is more likely to have infections and may not attain their potential height.

Question 21

What hormone is primarily responsible for sex-specific differences in muscle mass during adolescence?

Answer 21

Testosterone

Question 22

How does the central nervous system change during adolescence?

Answer 22

Sex hormones affect the central nervous system, increasing sex drive and sexual behaviors.

Question 23

What happens to the growth rate after puberty?

Answer 23

Both continue to grow at a slower pace up until 18-21 years.

Question 24

What defines physical maturity?

Answer 24

When physical growth stops.

Question 25

What is the significance of critical period times during prenatal development?

Answer 25

Systems are vulnerable during these times.

Question 26

What is primary aging?

Answer 26

The inevitable process of the body’s natural deterioration that takes place during life ## Footnote Primary aging is a natural process that cannot be avoided.

Question 27

What is secondary aging?

Answer 27

Results from disease and poor health practices and are often preventable to some degree ## Footnote Secondary aging can be mitigated through lifestyle changes.

Question 28

List manifestations of aging.

Answer 28

* Cellular changes * Altered elimination * Altered metabolic processes * Altered perfusion * Altered nutrition * Appearance changes * Fluid/electrolyte imbalance * Impaired mobility * Impaired immune response * Proliferative changes * Aging of tissues ## Footnote These manifestations indicate various physical changes that occur with aging.

Question 29

What happens to tissue repair as one ages?

Answer 29

Maintenance processes slow down and tissue repair speed and effectiveness decreases ## Footnote Aging affects the body's ability to heal and recover.

Question 30

What are some alterations to the skin due to aging?

Answer 30

* Thinning of epidermis * Decreased Vitamin D and glandular activity * Thinning of dermis * Decreased blood supply * Reduced hair production ## Footnote These changes contribute to the visible signs of aging.

Question 31

Define the term 'lifespan development'.

Answer 31

Refers to age-related changes that occur from birth, throughout a person's life, into and during old age ## Footnote Lifespan development encompasses all stages of life and their associated changes.

Question 32

What are the six stages of lifespan development?

Answer 32

* Infancy * Childhood * Adolescence * Early Adulthood * Middle Age * Older Age ## Footnote Each stage is characterized by distinct physical, emotional, and social developments.

Question 33

What age range defines 'Early Adulthood'?

Answer 33

Approximately from 20-40 years ## Footnote This period is marked by significant intellectual, emotional, and social development.

Question 34

What are practical precautions to take when working with elderly patients?

Answer 34

* No jewellery * No long or artificial nails * Hand washing to prevent infections * Beware of friction in manual handling activities * Regular changes in posture/position ## Footnote These precautions help ensure the safety and well-being of elderly patients.

Question 35

What characterizes 'Middle Age'?

Answer 35

The 'Young Old' from 40-65 years with generally good health and gradual signs of degeneration appearing ## Footnote This stage often includes significant life transitions.

Question 36

What are common changes in the neurological system due to aging?

Answer 36

* Decrease in brain size and weight * Loss of neurones and neurotransmitters * Decreased blood flow * Gradual decline in function ## Footnote These changes can lead to cognitive decline and memory issues.

Question 37

True or False: Aging leads to an increased incidence of cancer.

Answer 37

True ## Footnote The immune system's decreased responsiveness contributes to this increased risk.

Question 38

What changes occur in the cardiovascular system with aging?

Answer 38

* Reduction in maximum cardiac output * Changes to conducting cells * Reduction in elasticity of cardiac muscle * Decrease in haematocrit * Atherosclerosis * Increased risk of aneurysm * Decreased function of valves in veins ## Footnote These changes can lead to various cardiovascular issues.

Question 39

What happens to muscle fibers as one ages?

Answer 39

Muscle fibers become smaller in diameter and skeletal muscle is less elastic ## Footnote These changes contribute to decreased exercise tolerance.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The decline in kidney function and urinary issues are part of changes during _______.

Answer 40

Middle Age ## Footnote This period is also characterized by menopause in women and andropause in men.

Question 41

What is the impact of aging on respiratory function?

Answer 41

* Decrease in vital capacity * Increased residual volume * Stiffening of the rib cage ## Footnote These changes can affect overall respiratory efficiency.