Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology 1 > Life Span Development > Flashcards

Life Span Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is lifespan development?

A

Refers to age-related changes that occur from birth, throughout a person’s life, into and during old age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the six stages of lifespan development.

A
  • Prenatal Development
  • Infancy
  • Childhood
  • Adolescence
  • Early Adulthood
  • Middle Age
  • Older Age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What occurs during the first trimester of prenatal development?

A

Embryological and foetal development where the beginnings of all the major organ systems appear being laid down as ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is primarily developed during the second trimester of prenatal development?

A

Development of organs and organ systems; body shape and proportions change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens during the third trimester of prenatal development?

A

Rapid foetal growth and deposition of adipose tissue; major organ systems become fully functioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fill in the blank: The placenta starts developing at week ______.

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When does the heart and foetal circulation begin to develop?

A

Week 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What dramatic changes occur at birth regarding the circulatory system?

A
  • Blood rushes into the pulmonary system
  • Ductus Arteriosus constricts
  • Foramen Ovale closes
  • Ductus Venosus closure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or False: Humans are born fully formed.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of the respiratory system in infants?

A
  • Rib cage is soft & cartilaginous
  • Poorly developed intercostal muscles
  • Preferential nasal breathers
  • Airway diameters are small
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many bones are infants born with?

A

300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the average weight gain for infants in the first 6 months?

A

2lb per month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the typical weight for a 1-year-old boy?

A

10kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Identify the age range for childhood.

A

From 2 – 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What marks the beginning of adolescence?

A

Puberty (10-14 years for girls and 12-16 years for boys)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What changes occur in the musculoskeletal system during adolescence?

A
  • Accelerated bone deposition
  • Increased strength and endurance of skeletal muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fill in the blank: The boundary between adolescence and maturity is ______.

A

hazy

18
Q

What is transient exuberance in the context of physical growth?

A

Rapid growth phases where body parts grow at different rates.

19
Q

What are factors influencing growth and development?

A
  • Genetic factors
  • Environmental factors (family, culture, nutrition, etc.)
20
Q

What is the impact of poor nutrition on a child’s growth?

A

A poorly nourished child is more likely to have infections and may not attain their potential height.

21
Q

What hormone is primarily responsible for sex-specific differences in muscle mass during adolescence?

A

Testosterone

22
Q

How does the central nervous system change during adolescence?

A

Sex hormones affect the central nervous system, increasing sex drive and sexual behaviors.

23
Q

What happens to the growth rate after puberty?

A

Both continue to grow at a slower pace up until 18-21 years.

24
Q

What defines physical maturity?

A

When physical growth stops.

25
Q

What is the significance of critical period times during prenatal development?

A

Systems are vulnerable during these times.

26
Q

What is primary aging?

A

The inevitable process of the body’s natural deterioration that takes place during life

Primary aging is a natural process that cannot be avoided.

27
Q

What is secondary aging?

A

Results from disease and poor health practices and are often preventable to some degree

Secondary aging can be mitigated through lifestyle changes.

28
Q

List manifestations of aging.

A
  • Cellular changes
  • Altered elimination
  • Altered metabolic processes
  • Altered perfusion
  • Altered nutrition
  • Appearance changes
  • Fluid/electrolyte imbalance
  • Impaired mobility
  • Impaired immune response
  • Proliferative changes
  • Aging of tissues

These manifestations indicate various physical changes that occur with aging.

29
Q

What happens to tissue repair as one ages?

A

Maintenance processes slow down and tissue repair speed and effectiveness decreases

Aging affects the body’s ability to heal and recover.

30
Q

What are some alterations to the skin due to aging?

A
  • Thinning of epidermis
  • Decreased Vitamin D and glandular activity
  • Thinning of dermis
  • Decreased blood supply
  • Reduced hair production

These changes contribute to the visible signs of aging.

31
Q

Define the term ‘lifespan development’.

A

Refers to age-related changes that occur from birth, throughout a person’s life, into and during old age

Lifespan development encompasses all stages of life and their associated changes.

32
Q

What are the six stages of lifespan development?

A
  • Infancy
  • Childhood
  • Adolescence
  • Early Adulthood
  • Middle Age
  • Older Age

Each stage is characterized by distinct physical, emotional, and social developments.

33
Q

What age range defines ‘Early Adulthood’?

A

Approximately from 20-40 years

This period is marked by significant intellectual, emotional, and social development.

34
Q

What are practical precautions to take when working with elderly patients?

A
  • No jewellery
  • No long or artificial nails
  • Hand washing to prevent infections
  • Beware of friction in manual handling activities
  • Regular changes in posture/position

These precautions help ensure the safety and well-being of elderly patients.

35
Q

What characterizes ‘Middle Age’?

A

The ‘Young Old’ from 40-65 years with generally good health and gradual signs of degeneration appearing

This stage often includes significant life transitions.

36
Q

What are common changes in the neurological system due to aging?

A
  • Decrease in brain size and weight
  • Loss of neurones and neurotransmitters
  • Decreased blood flow
  • Gradual decline in function

These changes can lead to cognitive decline and memory issues.

37
Q

True or False: Aging leads to an increased incidence of cancer.

A

True

The immune system’s decreased responsiveness contributes to this increased risk.

38
Q

What changes occur in the cardiovascular system with aging?

A
  • Reduction in maximum cardiac output
  • Changes to conducting cells
  • Reduction in elasticity of cardiac muscle
  • Decrease in haematocrit
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Increased risk of aneurysm
  • Decreased function of valves in veins

These changes can lead to various cardiovascular issues.

39
Q

What happens to muscle fibers as one ages?

A

Muscle fibers become smaller in diameter and skeletal muscle is less elastic

These changes contribute to decreased exercise tolerance.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: The decline in kidney function and urinary issues are part of changes during _______.

A

Middle Age

This period is also characterized by menopause in women and andropause in men.

41
Q

What is the impact of aging on respiratory function?

A
  • Decrease in vital capacity
  • Increased residual volume
  • Stiffening of the rib cage

These changes can affect overall respiratory efficiency.

Pathophysiology 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions