Life Span Development

Question 1

What is growth?

Answer 1

• quantitative and measurable aspects of someone’s increase in physical measurements.

Question 2

What is a non-genetic influence on growth?

Answer 2

-affected by other factors such as socioeconomic status

Question 3

What is development?

Answer 3

• progressive and continuous process of change leading to increased skill and capacity to function

Question 4

What are the 3 main factors influencing growth and development?

Answer 4

• genetic/natural factors
• environmental factors
• interacting factors

Question 5

Give examples of genetic/natural factors

Answer 5

• tempermant
• heredity

Question 6

Give examples of environmental factors

Answer 6

• family
• nutrition
• health environment
• rest/sleep/exercise

Question 7

Give examples of interacting factors

Answer 7

• life experiences
• prenatal health
• state of health

Question 8

What is a developmental theory?

Answer 8

• models intended to account for how and why people develop as they do

Question 9

What are the 5 developmental theories?

Answer 9

• organicism
• psychoanalytic and psychosocial
• mechanistic
• contextualism
• dialecticism

Question 10

What is organicism?

Answer 10

• development is a result od biologically driven behaviour and the person’s adaptation to the environment

Question 11

What are biophysical developmental theories?

Answer 11

• describe how people’s physical bodies grow and change
• can be compared against established norms

Question 12

what is Gesell’s theory of maturational development?

Answer 12

• focused on the physical and mental development of children.
• He suggested that children will go through the same stages of development, in the same sequence but each child will go through the stages at their own rate.

Question 13

What is maturation?

Answer 13

• the biological internal regulatory mechanism that governs the emergence of all new skills and abilities that appear as the individual becomes older

Question 14

What is differentiation?

Answer 14

• the process by which cells and structures become modified and refine their characteristics

Question 15

What are cognitive development theories?

Answer 15

• reasoning and thinking processes, changes in how people perform intellectual operations

Question 16

What is Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

Answer 16

• addresses the development of children’s intellectual organization and how they think,reason, perceive,a nd make meaning of the physical world

Question 17

What are the 4 stages of Piaget’s?

Answer 17

• sensorimotor (birth-2 yrs)
• preoperational (2-7)
• concrete operations (7-11 yrs)
• formal operations (11 yrs-adulthood)

Question 18

What are moral development theories?

Answer 18

• how people think about rules of ethics or moral conduct

Question 19

What is Piaget’s theory of moral development?

Answer 19

• premoral stage
• conventional stage
• autonomous stage

Question 20

What is Gilligans theory?

Answer 20

men and woman develop in parallel ways, neither is superior to the other

Question 21

what sis Sigmund freud develop?

Answer 21

• id, ego and superego
• psychosexual theory

Question 22

List Freud’s psychosexual development stages

Answer 22

1. oral (birth - 18 months)
2. anal ( 18 months - 3 years)
3. phallic/oedipal (3-6 years)
4. latency (6-12 years)
5. genital (puberty - adulthood)

Question 23

What was Erik Erikson’s theory?

Answer 23

the psychosocial model covered the whole lifespan, not just childhood and adulthood

Question 24

List Erikson’s 8 stages of life

Answer 24

Stage 1: Trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year of age)
Stage 2: Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt (1 to 3 years of age)
Stage 3: Initiative versus guilt (3 to 6 years of age)
Stage 4: Industry versus inferiority (6 to 11 years of age)
Stage 5: Identity versus role confusion (adolescence)
Stage 6: Intimacy versus isolation (young adulthood)
Stage 7: Generative versus self-absorption and stagnation (middle adulthood)
Stage 8: Integrity versus despair (old age)