Life Sciences

Question 1

Mixture or combination or alloy of mercury.

Answer 1

AMALGAM (amalgamation)

Question 2

Lacking in vitality; vapid; effete.

OR

Lacking sufficient red blood cells to carry oxygen to the target organs or tissue.

Answer 2

ANEMIC (anemia)

Question 3

API - as opposed to EXCIPIENTS.

Answer 3

ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS

Question 4

Branch of medicine dealing with the prevalence of disease in large populations - to detect epidemics.

Answer 4

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Question 5

Inert ingredients that serve as the medium for the ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS.

Answer 5

EXCIPIENTS

Question 6

How the ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS work:

AGONISTS: Bind to cell receptors to mimic healthful activity.

ANTAGONISTS: Block or interfere with undesirable cell function.

Answer 6

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Question 7

Nature or mental or physical disease

OR

Obsessive compulsive

Answer 7

PATHOLOGICAL

Question 8

Science of the cause and effects of a disease for diagnostic or forensic purposes.

Answer 8

PATHOLOGY

Question 9

Branch of medicine concerning the uses effects and modes of actions of drugs.

Answer 9

PHARMACOLOGY (pharmacological)

Question 10

Branch of PHARMACOLOGY concerning the effects of a drug and it mechanism of action.

How dynamic is the effect?

Answer 10

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Question 11

Movement of a drug in the body.

ADME:
ABSORPTION  into the bloodstream;
DISTRIBUTION to target organs;
METABOLISM, conversion to a water-soluble compound;
EXCRETION, elimination from the body.

Answer 11

PHARMACOKINETICS

Question 12

The difference between the most you can do and the least you can do.

When the difference is zero - you’re dead.

Answer 12

PHYSIOLOGICAL HEADROOM

Question 13

ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY:
Allergies and diseases of the respiratory tract or immune system.

ANESTHESIOLOGY:
Pain relief before, during and after surgery.

DERMATOLOGY:
Disorders of skin, hair and nails & adjoining mucus membranes.

RADIOLOGY:
X-ray, ultrasounds, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -body’s natural magnetism

Answer 13

EMERGENCY MEDICINE:
Emergency care.

FAMILY MEDICINE:
Comprehensive care for all ages.

INTERNAL MEDICINE:
Cardiovascular (heart), Endocrinology (diabetes, glandular, and metabolic), Gastroenterology (gastrointestinal or liver), Hematology (blood), Infectious Disease (viral, bacterial), Nephrology (kidneys), Oncology (cancer), Pulmonary (lungs, respiratory), Rheumatology (joints, muscular)

Question 14

MEDICAL GENETICS:
Disease by genetic defects.

NEUROLOGY:
Nerves, nervous system (brain, spinal cord).

OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY:
Female reproductive.

OPHTHALMOLOGY:
Eyes

PATHOLOGY:
Cause an nature of disease.

Answer 14

PEDIATRICS:
Infancy through adolescence.

PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION:
Improve patient quality of life.

PREVENTATIVE MEDICINE:
Promote patient health and well-being

PSYCHIATRY:
Mental health

SURGERY: Many subspecialties
UROLOGY: Urinary tract, kidney, bladder

Question 15

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM:
Skin, hair, nails

MUSCULOSKELETAL:
Bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, connective tissue, cartilage, joints

NERVOUS SYSTEM:
Brain and spinal cord

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
Glands that secrete hormones (pituitary gland, pancreas, thyroid, adrenal)
- Regulates metabolism, growth, sexual function

Answer 15

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
Heart, blood, vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
- Transporter: oxygen and nutrients

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
Lungs, nasal passages, and connecting trachea
- Deliver oxygen, remove carbon dioxide

URINARY SYSTEM:
Kidneys, bladder, urethra
- Filters excess water and waste from body

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM:
Lymph node and spleen
- Remove pathogen and cellular debris

Question 16

The substance that is acted upon by an enzyme.

VARIATION: Something that underlies or serves as the basis or foundation of a higher layer.

Answer 16

SUBSTRATE (SUBSTRATUM)

Question 17

Something that when introduced causes a reaction without changing itself.

OR:

A person of thing that precipitates a change.

VARIATION: Relating to an induced change.

Answer 17

CATALYST (CATALYTIC)

Question 18

To make inflexible, unchangeable, or NON-MALLEABLE.

Answer 18

CALCIFY(ICATON)

Question 19

The ability to change direction of a ray (light, sound, heat) by altering its wave velocity.

Answer 19

REFRACT(IVE)(ION)